Section 5 Flashcards
What does the squawk 7500 mean?
Hi jack or unlawful interference
What CAP is aircraft emergencies considerations?
CAP 745
What is the controllers responsibility in an emergency?
Calm and coordinated actions
Offer as much assistance as possible to any aircraft that is considered to be in an emergency situation. Assistance can be, airfield information, availability of aerodromes, approach aids, vectoring, weather information.
How can a controller recognise an Emergency situation ?
1- radio contact is not established at the time it it expected to be established
2- radio contact is lost
3- a pilot makes a report about the malfunctioning of his aircraft or the unusual behaviour of persons on board
4- the erratic behaviour of an aircraft or position symbol is observed
5- it is overdue at an aerodrome
6- the pilot reports that the aircraft is short of fuel
What is the definition of Distress?
A condition of being threatened by serious and/or imminent danger and of requiring immediate assistance
What is the definition of Urgency?
A condition concerning the safety of aircraft or other vehicle, or of some person on board or within sight, but which does not require immediate assistance
What is MAY DAY, MAY DAY, MAY DAY message ?
Distress message
What is PAN PAN, PAN PAN, PAN PAN, message?
For urgency messages
What should be contained in the message when a pilot is advising ATC of their emergency situation?
1- MAY DAY or PAN PAN
2- name of the station addressed and identification of the aircraft
3- nature of emergency
4- intention of the person in command, present position, level and heading
5- qualification of the pilot (student, IMC)
6- as much other information as time permits
What does the term fuel emergency mean?
It has no status in the uk and controllers are not required to give priority to aircraft with a reported shortage of fuel unless a emergency is declared
What visual signals can be used by an aircraft in a distress emergency?
1- signal SOS with signalling apparatus
2- a succession of pyrotechnical lights fired at short intervals, each showing a single red light
3- a parachute flare showing a red light
What visual signals can be used for a urgency emergency?
1- for an aircraft in difficulties that compel it to land without requiring assistance, the following signals-
Switching landing lights on and off repeatedly
Switching the navigation lights on and off repeatedly
A succession of white pyrotechnical lights
2- for aircraft with a very urgent message to transmit concerning the safety of an aircraft (including that sending the message), a ship or person, the signal XXX with signalling apparatus
What does the squawk 7700 mean?
Aircraft emergency
What does the squawk 7600 mean?
Radio failure
What is the emergency triangle?
For pilots lost or uncertain of position and experiencing either transmitter or complete radio failure are advised, as a last resort, to carry out the triangle procedure
Describe the emergency triangle procedure table?
If the aircraft speed is 300knots or less, the length of the leg will be 2 minutes.
If the aircraft speed is more than 300knots, the length of leg will be 1 minute
Transmitter failure only = right hand turns
Complete failure = left hand turns
Where is D&D located?
Swanwick
What is the emergency frequency for military aircraft?
243.0 MHz
What is the emergency frequency for D&D for civil aircraft ?
121.5 MHz
What level is D&Ds coverage poor?
Below 3000ft amsl
Who is responsible for making the decision on overweight landings?
The pilot in command
What is the definition of a strayed aircraft?
An aircraft which has deviated significantly from its intended track, or which reports that is it lost
What is the definition of an unidentified aircraft?
An aircraft which has been observed or reported to be operating in a given area but whose identify has not been established
What should a controller do if they have been notified of a strayers aircraft?
1- attempt to establish two way communication, unless such communication already exists and inform the pilot of his position.
2- inform other ATS units into whose area the aircraft has strayed or may stray
3- request appropriate assistance from D&D, other ATS units, and other aircraft in establishing communication with the strayed aircraft
4- notify the civil watch supervisor at the parent ACC unit in the event that unlawful interference is suspected
When a controllers becomes aware of an unidentified aircraft what should they do?
1- attempt to establish the identity of the aircraft
2- attempt to establish two way communications
3- inform D&D and any other affected ATS units, and request their assistance to establish two way comms
4- notify the civil watch supervisor at the parent ACC unit
5- if possible attempt to obtain information from other aircraft
6- as required, notify those units consulted in the tracing of the unidentified aircraft when resolved
7- complete MOR
What key information should be considered about over due aircraft?
Type of aircraft- strict adherence to flight plan cannot always be expected of a non radio light aircraft
Route- need for prompt action if the route is over populated areas, mountainous areas, long stretches of water
Weather- the pilot of non radio aircraft might well be expected to extend his flight time by deviating from his flight planned route to avoid bad weather
What is the preliminary action for non radio equipped aircraft?
1- check flight plan for obvious errors in compilation or transmission
2- consult operating company or representative of available
3- confirm ATD with aerodrome of departure using the quickest means of communication
4- inform ACC sup of the situation and co-ordinate with him
Check with alternate aerodromes
Send a RQS message
Check with any likely aerodrome on and adjacent to the route
When should you start preliminary action for non radio equipped aircraft?
No later than 30minutes after ETA
When shall full overdue action be commenced for non radio equipped aircraft?
No later than 1 hour after ETA
What is the full over due action for non radio equipped aircraft?
1- notify parent ACC that the aircraft if now fully over due and state action already taken
2- in consultation with the ACC sup, continue to trace aircraft. Notify local police etc
When should you commence preliminary action for radio equipped aircraft?
No later than the estimate tome for the reporting point plus 30minutes
What is the preliminary actions for radio equipped aircraft?
1- advise ACC sup that the aircraft is overdue
2- confirm ATD from departure aerodrome by quickest means
3- ensure than an RQS message is sent
When shall you commence full over due action for radio equipped aircraft?
If after preliminary action, no news is received or 1 hour has elapsed since a scheduled position report should have been received
What is the fully over due action to be taken for radio equipped aircraft?
Inform ACC sup that the aircraft is now fully overdue
If an aircraft which has been cleared to commence the approach, fails to land within 5minutes of the estimated time of landing and communication cannot be established, what should the controller do?
1- alert approach radar
2- request other aircraft flying in the vicinity of the aircrafts last known position
3- exercise caution when authorising the movement of aerodrome traffic
4- alert the emergency services in accordance with MATS 2
5- check with other aerodromes in the vicinity
6- if necessary, send RQS message
7- advise the ACC sup
When should radio failure procedures take place?
1- when the aircraft is squawking 7600 and the pilot does not respond to ATC communication
2- communication cannot be maintained with an aircraft on any flight which is being provided with an ATC or advisory airspace
3- communication cannot be established with an aircraft operating or intending to operate on an IFR flight plan within controlled airspace
What is the standard procedure for controllers regarding radio failure ?
Inform other ATS units nearby
After attempts to establish normal two way comms have failed, controllers are to carry out the following-
1- maintain separation between radio failure aircraft and other known aircraft
2- give pertinent information about the movements of the radio failure aircraft to other aircraft in the vicinity
3- ask aircraft in the vicinity to establish comms with the radio failure aircraft
4- use all means possible to monitor the aircrafts progress
5- attempt to relay information using ACARS
6- transit level, route and EAT it ETA to which the radio failure aircraft is assumed to be adhering. Also transmit weather conditions at destination aerodrome, suitable alternates etc
7- when in consultation with the operator, instruction to divert to be transmitted
8- commence overdue action if needed
What are the VMC procedure for pilots which have radio failure ?
7600 squawk
Land at nearest suitable aerodrome
Take into account visual landing aids, keep watch out for light signals from ATC
If can’t maintain VMC should be IMC
What is the IMC procedure for pilots which have radio failure?
Select 7600
1- maintain for a period of 7 mins, current speed and last assigned level or minimum safe altitude (if it’s higher)
- if the failure occurs when the aircraft is following a notified departure procedure such as a SID, the procedure should be flown in accordance with the published lateral tracks and vertical profile
- adjust speed and level in accordance with the current flight plan and continue the flight to appropriate designated landing aid serving the destination aerodrome
2- if being vectored, continue with instruction last instructed by ATC for 3 minutes
(There is more but lots! And don’t think you’ll need to no as yet)
What is the definition of hi jack/ unlawful interference ?
1- the unlawful seizure or exercise of control of an aircraft by force or threats (hijacking)
2- the unauthorised removal of an aircraft an dit’s subsequent flight
3- flight of an aircraft with intent to defect
4- illegal use of an aircraft to effect to escape of prisoners or special hospital patients
5- the use of aircraft in the furtherance of a crime, including terrorism
Who is responsible for the co-ordination and direction of a hijack/unlawful interference flight?
ACC sup
DfT or MoD
What phraseology should ATC use to check if an aircraft squawking 7500 is intended too?
Callsign, confirm your are squawking assigned code (7050)
What are the signs for a possible hijack/ unlawful interference aircraft?
1- unauthorised deviation from cleared flight profile
2- refusal or inability to comply with ATC instructions (including vectoring) with no good reason
3- loss of RTF contact
4- unauthorised SSR code changes or extended use of IDENT
5- use of non standard phraseology by the crew, or others in background
6- 7600 or 7700
7- notification from non official sources (news, agencies)
8- open RTF transmitter from cock pit
9- non ATC related RTF transmissions
10- non specific threat passed via third party
When should an alerting service be provided?
1- For all aircraft provided with an air traffic service
2- in so far as practicable, to all aircraft having filed a flight plan or otherwise known to the air traffic service unit
3- to any aircraft known or believed to be the subject of an unlawful interference
What is the definition of the uncertainty phase? (Incerfa)
No doubt exists as to the safety of the aircraft and its occupants
What is the duration of the uncertainty phase ?
Maximum of 30 mins
What is the definition of the alert phase? (Alerfa)
Evidence exists that would slay apprehension as to the safety of the aircraft
What is the duration of the alert phase?
Maximum 1 hour
What is the definition of the distress phase? (Detresfa)
Where there is a reasonable certainty that the aircraft and I TSE occupants are not threatened by grave imminent danger and do not require immediate assistance
What is the duration of the distress phase?
Until the aircraft is found and the survivors rescued or it is clear that there is no longer any chance of so doing
Who is responsible for notifying aerodrome emergency services ?
ATC
If the aerodrome reaches services are depleted for any reason what should ATC do?
1- transmit to aircraft the message revived from the aerodrome operator
2- inform the watch sup at the parent ACC
3- inform any other agency, unit as appropriate
What is the definition of aircraft accident/ aircraft accident imminent?
Aircraft accidents, which have occurred or are inevitable on or in the vicinity of the aerodrome
What is the definition of aircraft ground incident ?
Where an aircraft on the ground is known to have an emergency situation other than an accident, requiring the attendance of emergency services
What is the definition of a full emergency?
When it is known that an aircraft in the air is, or is suspected to be in such difficulties that there is a danger of an accident
What is the definition of a local standby?
When it is known that an aircraft has, or is suspected to have, developed some defect by the trouble would not normally involve any serious difficulty in effecting a safe landing
What is the definition of a weather standby ?
When weather conditions are such as to render a landing difficult or difficult to observe (strong cross wind, poor vis, snow and ice etc)
What is the definition of unlawful acts?
Action to be taken in the case of any unlawful act will be contained in the aerodromes contingency plan, which will be drawn up in conjunction with the local police
What is the definition of off aerodrome accidents?
Emergency orders should contain details of the action to be taken in the case of aircraft accidents occurring outside the aerodrome boundaries
What frequency will Aerodrome Fire device communicate with an aircraft in emergency?
121.6 MHz
What categories is there regarding bomb warnings? Who decides the category and what is the definitions?
Red- an incredible threat relating to a specific target , or where the caller has positively identified himself or the organisation
Amber- a thread of doubtful credibility but where it is prudent to consider taking additional protective measures
Green- a non credible threat
DfT
What does a continuous red light mean to an aircraft in flight?
Give way to other aircraft and continue circling
What does a continuous red light mean to an aircraft or vehicle on the aerodrome?
Stop
What does red flashing lights mean to an aircraft in flight?
Do not land, aerodrome not available for landing
What does red flashing light mean to aircraft or vehicles on the aerodrome?
Move clear of the landing area
What does green flashing lights mean to an aircraft in flight?
Return to aerodrome, wait for permission to land
What does green flashing lights mean to an aircraft or vehicles on the aerodrome?
Aircraft- you may move on the manoeuvring area and apron
Vehicle- you may move on the manoeuvring area
What does a continuous green light mean to aircraft in flight?
You may land
What does a continuous green light mean to aircraft or vehicles on the aerodrome?
You may take off (not for vehicle)
What does white flashes mean to aircraft in flight?
Land at this aerodrome after receiving continuous green light, and then after receiving green flashes proceed to apron
What does white flashes mean to aircraft or vehicles on the aerodrome?
Return to starting point on aerodrome
