Section 5

Question 1

What circulation do humans have?

Answer 1

Double circulation

Question 2

The composition of blood

Answer 2

• plasma
• platelets
• red blood cells
• white blood cells

Question 3

Plasma

Answer 3

• red and white blood cells
• Carbon dioxide
• digested food
• heat
• urea
• hormones

Question 4

Adaptations of red blood cells

Answer 4

• small
• bioncave
• contain haemoglobin
• don’t have a nucleus

Question 5

Phagocytes…

Answer 5

Ingest pathogens

Question 6

Lymphocytes…

Answer 6

Produce antibodies

Question 7

Platelets

Answer 7

Small fragments of cells that help blood clot

Question 8

How do platelets help blood clot?

Answer 8

The clump together to fill in the damaged area

They are held together by a mesh of protein called fibrin

Question 9

Pulmonary artery

Answer 9

Takes deoxygenated blood to the lungs

Question 10

Aorta

Answer 10

Carries oxygenated blood around the body

Question 11

Pulmonary vein

Answer 11

Brings oxygenated blood from the lungs

Question 12

Vena cava

Answer 12

Brings deoxygenated blood into the heart

Question 13

Systole

Answer 13

When the chambers of the heart contract and force blood out into the arteries

Question 14

Diastole

Answer 14

When the heart relaxes and fills

Question 15

Hepatic portal vein

Answer 15

Gut–>liver

Question 16

Pulmonary

Answer 16

To do with the lungs

Question 17

Hepatic

Answer 17

To do with the liver

Question 18

Renal

Answer 18

To do with the kidneys

Question 19

Capillaries role

Answer 19

Carry the blood really close to every cell in the body to exchange substances with them

Question 20

Arteries role

Answer 20

Carry blood away from the heart at a high pressure

Question 21

Veins

Answer 21

Carry blood to the heart

Question 22

Arteries adaptations

Answer 22

• walls are strong and elastic

- walls are thick compared to the lumen

Question 23

Capillaries adaptations

Answer 23

• one cell thick

- very small lumen

Question 24

Veins adaptations

Answer 24

• bigger lumen to help the blood flow

- valves to keep the blood flowing in the right direction

Question 25

what are the three main roles of the kidneys?

Answer 25

• removal of urea from the blood
• adjustment of salt levels in the blood
• adjustment of water content in the blood

Question 26

describe ultrafiltration

Answer 26

• blood flows from renal artery to GLOMERULUS

- glomerular filtrate squeezed into Bowman’s capsule

Question 27

what is the glomerular filtrate?

Answer 27

• water
• urea
• salts
• glucose

Question 28

what is NOT icluded in the glomerular filtrate?

Answer 28

• big molecules such as proteins and red blood cells

- they stay in the blood

Question 29

where is all the glucose reabsorbed?

Answer 29

in the proximal convoluted tubule

Question 30

how is the glucose reabsorbed?

Answer 30

using active transport

Question 31

what else is reabsorbed (apart from glucose)?

Answer 31

sufficient salts

sufficient water

Question 32

what is urine made out of?

Answer 32

water, salts and urea

Question 33

what do the kidneys control?

Answer 33

the body’s water content

Question 34

what hormone is used to control the water content of the blood?

Answer 34

ADH

Question 35

what does ADH do?

Answer 35

it makes the nephrons more permeable so more water is reabsorbed back into the blood

Question 36

the release of ADH:

Answer 36

• the brain monitors the water content of the blood

- it instructs the pituitary gland to release ADH into the blood