Reproduction Flashcards
Gamete
A specialised sex cell
Zygote
A fertilised egg cell
Embryo
A multiplied zygote
Haploid
A cell which has one copy of each chromosome
Diploid
A cell which has 2 copies of each chromosome
What type of cell is made by mitosis?
Every other body cell apart from gametes
What type of cell is made by meiosis
Gametes
Give two examples of micro organisms made via mitosis
bacteria
some plants
asexual reproduction definition
asexual reproduction involves only one parent. The offspring have identical genes to the parent so there’s no variation between parent and offspring
mitosis definition
mitosis is when a cell reproduces itself by splitting to form two cells with identical sets of chromosomes
what else does mitosis make cells for?
growth and repair
sexual reproduction definition
the fusion of male and female gametes via fertilisation to produce offspring that share a mixture of their parents’ genes
advantage of sexual reproduction
there will be variation because the genes aren’t copied from the parents
this is good in changing environments
disadvantage of sexual reproduction
- much slower physiologically
- slower in terms of growing offspring
fertilisation definition
where two nuclei fuse together to make a zygote
what are the three things that seeds need to germinate?
water
oxygen
a suitable temperature
how do germinating seeds get their energy?
- glucose for respiration from its food store
- when it has leaves, it can photosynthesise
homozygous
where you have two of the same alleles for a specific gene
heterozygous
where you have two DIFFERENT alleles for a specific gene
genotype
which alleles you have for a specific gene
phenotype
physical characteristics
co-dominance
where neither allele is recessive, so you show characteristics from both alleles
what combination causes male characteristics?
Y
what combination causes female characteristics?
XX