Reproduction

Question 1

Gamete

Answer 1

A specialised sex cell

Question 2

Zygote

Answer 2

A fertilised egg cell

Question 3

Embryo

Answer 3

A multiplied zygote

Question 4

Haploid

Answer 4

A cell which has one copy of each chromosome

Question 5

Diploid

Answer 5

A cell which has 2 copies of each chromosome

Question 6

What type of cell is made by mitosis?

Answer 6

Every other body cell apart from gametes

Question 7

What type of cell is made by meiosis

Answer 7

Gametes

Question 8

Give two examples of micro organisms made via mitosis

Answer 8

bacteria

some plants

Question 9

asexual reproduction definition

Answer 9

asexual reproduction involves only one parent. The offspring have identical genes to the parent so there’s no variation between parent and offspring

Question 10

mitosis definition

Answer 10

mitosis is when a cell reproduces itself by splitting to form two cells with identical sets of chromosomes

Question 11

what else does mitosis make cells for?

Answer 11

growth and repair

Question 12

sexual reproduction definition

Answer 12

the fusion of male and female gametes via fertilisation to produce offspring that share a mixture of their parents’ genes

Question 13

advantage of sexual reproduction

Answer 13

there will be variation because the genes aren’t copied from the parents
this is good in changing environments

Question 14

disadvantage of sexual reproduction

Answer 14

• much slower physiologically

- slower in terms of growing offspring

Question 15

fertilisation definition

Answer 15

where two nuclei fuse together to make a zygote

Question 16

what are the three things that seeds need to germinate?

Answer 16

water
oxygen
a suitable temperature

Question 17

how do germinating seeds get their energy?

Answer 17

• glucose for respiration from its food store

- when it has leaves, it can photosynthesise

Question 18

homozygous

Answer 18

where you have two of the same alleles for a specific gene

Question 19

heterozygous

Answer 19

where you have two DIFFERENT alleles for a specific gene

Question 20

genotype

Answer 20

which alleles you have for a specific gene

Question 21

phenotype

Answer 21

physical characteristics

Question 22

co-dominance

Answer 22

where neither allele is recessive, so you show characteristics from both alleles

Question 23

what combination causes male characteristics?

Answer 23

Y

Question 24

what combination causes female characteristics?

Answer 24

XX

Question 25

what are the four factors of variation which AREN’T affected by the environment?

Answer 25

• eye colour
• hair colour
• inherited disorders
• blood group

Question 26

what are the three factors which ARE affected by the environment?

Answer 26

• health
• intelligence
• sporting ability

Question 27

what is natural selection?

Answer 27

sets up ‘survival of the fittest’

Question 28

the theory of evolution

Answer 28

Life began as simple organisms from which complex organisms evolved