Section 4 Flashcards
1
Q
respiration definition
A
the process of releasing energy from glucose, which happens constantly in every living cell
2
Q
aerobic respiration equation
A
glucose + oxygen = carbon dioxide + water
3
Q
anaerobic respiration equation
A
glucose –> lactic acid
4
Q
anaerobic respiration in plants
A
glucose –> ethanol + carbon dioxide
5
Q
how to detect for carbon dioxide
A
- hyrogen-carbonate indicator
- orange-yellow in the presence of CO2
6
Q
breathing in
A
- intercostal muscles and diaphragm CONTRACT
- thorax volume increases
- pressure is decreased, air is drawn in
7
Q
breathing out
A
- intercostal muscles and diaphragm RELAX
- thorax volume decreases
- air is forced out
8
Q
how are alveloi adapted for gas exchange?
A
- huge number of them gives the lungs a huge surface area
- moist lining for gases to dissolve into
- one cell thick walls
- great blood supply
- permeable walls
9
Q
emphysema
A
- damages walls inside alveoli
- reduces surface area
10
Q
tar
A
- damages cilia
- irritates the bronchi and bronchioles, encouraging mucus to be produced. This causes smoker’s cough and chronic bronchitis
11
Q
carbon monoxide
A
reduces the amount of oxygen the blood can carry
12
Q
tobacco smoke
A
contains carcinogens which are chemicals that can lead to cancer
