Section 4: Start of Cold War Flashcards
What countries made up Grand Alliance?
GB, USA & USSR
When did they meet at Tehran?
28th Nov 1943
What was agreed at Teheran?
GB & USA would open up a second front June 1944, USSR declare war on Japan, Poland should lose land to USSR but gain it from Germany, spheres of influence in East and West (could not interfere in running of these countries).
What issue did they disagree about at Tehran?
Churchill wanted to launch an attack in the Balkans Stalin refused
When did the Yalta conference take place
4th Feb 1945
What was agreed at Yalta?
Germany would be reduced in size, demilitarized and would have to pay reparations (materials, goods & labour), rebuilding of Europe to be done along lines of Atlantic Charter (own countries decided government), Nazi Party would be banned, UN to be set up, USSR would declare war on Japan 3 months after Germany defeated, Poland would be in Soviet sphere, but run along democratic lines
What did they disagree about at Yalta?
if Poland should be communist, disagreed what democracy meant
When did Potsdam conference take place?
July 1945
At the end of the Potsdam conference who were the 3 leaders?
Atlee, Truman and Stalin
What was tested just before the Potsdam conference?
atomic bomb
What did they agree about at Potsdam?
Council of Foreign ministers to help re-build Europe, nazi Party banned and prosecute Nazi war criminals and Nuremberg, reduce size of Germany, divided Germany and Berlin into 4 zones, USSSR would get ¼ of industrial equipment from other 3 zones
What did they disagree about at Potsdam?
Stalin got far less reparations than he wanted, Stalin went back on his word about government in Poland as it was all communist
When was Churchil’s Iron curtain speech?
March 1946
What did Churchill mean by an ‘Iron Curtain’?
countries in Eastern Europe were subject to high levels of control and influence from SU
What did Long Telegram say?
Stalin given a speech calling from destruction of capitalism, USSR building up military power
What did Novikov Telegram say?
America desired to dominate world, American government no longer interested in co-operation with USSR, USA preparing public for war
When did Truman make his famous speech?
March 1947
What did the Truman doctrine say he would do?
Contain communism through economic and military
Why did Truman issue his doctrine?
Long Telegram, Eastern Expansion, Britain telling USA they were pulling out of Greece inn1947 leaving no one to help fight the communists in Greece
In what year was the Marshall Plan introduced?
1947
How much aid was committed during the Marshall Plan?
$13 billion
What did countries have to agree to do in order get Marshall Aid?
Money had to be spent with USA and no trade barriers
Which countries were not allowed to get Marshall Aid?
Eastern European Satellite States
Which communist country did take Marshall Aid and who was the leader?
Tito and Yugoslavia
How many countries accepted Marshall Aid?
16
What is a satellite state?
A country is officially independent but is really controlled by another
How did the SU make sure communists won elections in Eastern Europe?
Rigged them
What did Stalin do to keep control of Eastern Europe?
All leaders were handpicked by Stalin, set up strong military and secret police in countries to keep control, use threat of Red Army, made sure countries became dependent on SU for resources e.g. could not become self sufficient
In what years did Yugoslavia, Albania, East Germany, Bulgaria, Hungry, Poland, Romania and Czechoslovakia become communist?
1945, 1945, 1949, 1945, 1947, 1947, 1947 & 1948
What was Cominform?
International organisation which represented communist countries and allowed them to be controlled by Stalin, used by SU to investigate governments and remove threats
