Section 4: Neuroanatomy Flashcards
4 main anatomy of the Nervous System
Brain
Spinal cord
Sensory organs
All the nerves
Name the 3 things the CNS provides by acting as the control center.
Processing
Memory
Regulation systems
What anatomy does the PNS (Peripheral Nervous System) include?
All parts of nervous system outside the brain and spinal cord… (nerves, organs, spine, vessels)
Name the two components of the Autonomic Nervous System, ANS.
Sympathetic and parasympathetic
Forms the body’s fight or flight response to stress, danger, excitement, exercise, emotions and embarrassment. It increases respiration and heart rate, releases adrenaline and other stress hormones, and decreases digestion to cope.
Sympathetic
Forms the body’s rest and digest response when the body is relaxed, resting or feeding. It works to decrease respiration and heart rate, increase digestion, and permit the elimination of waste.
Parasympathetic
The two divisions of the peripheral nervous system:
Autonomic and Somatic
This division of the PNS includes all the voluntary efferent neurons..it is the only consciously controlled part of the PNS and is responsible for stimulating skeletal muscles.
Somatic Nervous System
This division of the PNS includes all the involuntary efferent neurons.
The Autonomic Nervous System
Nerve cells that communicate within the body by transmitting electromechanical signals.
NEURONS
These are also known as sensory neurons, and they transmit sensory signals to the CNS from receptors in the body.
Afferent Neurons
Also known as motor neurons, these transmit signals from the CNS to the effectors (muscles and glands).
Efferent Neurons
These form complex networks within the CNS to integrate the information received from afferent neurons and to direct the function of the body through efferent neurons.
Interneurons
An area of the skin supplies by nerve fibers originating from a single nerve root.
Dermatome
Which vertebrae has no dermatome?
C1
Protective coverings of the CNS
MENINGES
“Tough mother” the thickest and toughest most superficial layer of meninges; made of dense connective tissue, containing tough collagen fibers and blood vessels. It protects the CNS from external damage, contains the cerebrospinal fluid and provides blood to the nervous tissue of the CNS.
Dura Mater
“Spider like mother” thin and delicate layer that lines the inside of the duramater. It contains thin fibers that connect it to the pia mater as well.
Arachnoid mater
Fluid filled space with cross fibers that is in between the arachnoid mater and the pia mater
Subarachnoid space
“Tender mother” a super thin layer that rests on the outside of the brain and spinal cord. It contains many blood vessels that supply the CNS. It also penetrates the valleys of the sulci and fissures of the brain.
Pia mater
Theory that non-painful input closes the nerve gates to painful input, which prevents the pain sensation from traveling to the CNS. ThIs theory describes how non-painful sensations can override and reduce painful sensations.
Gate Theory of Pain
