Section 4: Neuroanatomy

Question 1

4 main anatomy of the Nervous System

Answer 1

Brain
Spinal cord
Sensory organs
All the nerves

Question 2

Name the 3 things the CNS provides by acting as the control center.

Answer 2

Processing
Memory
Regulation systems

Question 3

What anatomy does the PNS (Peripheral Nervous System) include?

Answer 3

All parts of nervous system outside the brain and spinal cord… (nerves, organs, spine, vessels)

Question 4

Name the two components of the Autonomic Nervous System, ANS.

Answer 4

Sympathetic and parasympathetic

Question 5

Forms the body’s fight or flight response to stress, danger, excitement, exercise, emotions and embarrassment. It increases respiration and heart rate, releases adrenaline and other stress hormones, and decreases digestion to cope.

Answer 5

Sympathetic

Question 6

Forms the body’s rest and digest response when the body is relaxed, resting or feeding. It works to decrease respiration and heart rate, increase digestion, and permit the elimination of waste.

Answer 6

Parasympathetic

Question 7

The two divisions of the peripheral nervous system:

Answer 7

Autonomic and Somatic

Question 8

This division of the PNS includes all the voluntary efferent neurons..it is the only consciously controlled part of the PNS and is responsible for stimulating skeletal muscles.

Answer 8

Somatic Nervous System

Question 9

This division of the PNS includes all the involuntary efferent neurons.

Answer 9

The Autonomic Nervous System

Question 10

Nerve cells that communicate within the body by transmitting electromechanical signals.

Answer 10

NEURONS

Question 11

These are also known as sensory neurons, and they transmit sensory signals to the CNS from receptors in the body.

Answer 11

Afferent Neurons

Question 12

Also known as motor neurons, these transmit signals from the CNS to the effectors (muscles and glands).

Answer 12

Efferent Neurons

Question 13

These form complex networks within the CNS to integrate the information received from afferent neurons and to direct the function of the body through efferent neurons.

Answer 13

Interneurons

Question 14

An area of the skin supplies by nerve fibers originating from a single nerve root.

Answer 14

Dermatome

Question 15

Which vertebrae has no dermatome?

Answer 15

C1

Question 16

Protective coverings of the CNS

Answer 16

MENINGES

Question 17

“Tough mother” the thickest and toughest most superficial layer of meninges; made of dense connective tissue, containing tough collagen fibers and blood vessels. It protects the CNS from external damage, contains the cerebrospinal fluid and provides blood to the nervous tissue of the CNS.

Answer 17

Dura Mater

Question 18

“Spider like mother” thin and delicate layer that lines the inside of the duramater. It contains thin fibers that connect it to the pia mater as well.

Answer 18

Arachnoid mater

Question 19

Fluid filled space with cross fibers that is in between the arachnoid mater and the pia mater

Answer 19

Subarachnoid space

Question 20

“Tender mother” a super thin layer that rests on the outside of the brain and spinal cord. It contains many blood vessels that supply the CNS. It also penetrates the valleys of the sulci and fissures of the brain.

Answer 20

Pia mater

Question 21

Theory that non-painful input closes the nerve gates to painful input, which prevents the pain sensation from traveling to the CNS. ThIs theory describes how non-painful sensations can override and reduce painful sensations.

Answer 21

Gate Theory of Pain