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Gen Path > Section 4 Diseases of Immune System > Flashcards

Section 4 Diseases of Immune System Flashcards

1
Q

Components of healthy lifestyle

A 
Eat F and V 
Whole grains
No smoking and alcohol
Healthy weight 
Low BP and blood sugar 
Stay active 
Sleep
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2
Q

Hypersensitivity reactions are ______ and damage healthy tissues

A

Immune - mediated

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3
Q

Hypersensitivity reactions are ___ and ___

A

Chronic and debilitating

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4
Q

3 categories of hypersensitivity reactions

A
  1. Autoimmunity
  2. Excessive or persistent microbial infections
  3. Reactions to harmless environmental stimuli
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5
Q

4 Main components of ACID

A 
A = allergies (type I)
C = cytotoxic (type II)
I = immune complex (type III)
D = delayed (type IV)
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6
Q

Immune complex composed of

A

Antigen

Antibody

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7
Q

Type I hypersensitivity is ___

A

Immediate

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8
Q

Steps of type I hypersensitivity

A
  1. Helper T cells (TH2)
  2. Increased IgE production
  3. Re-exposure = mast cell degranulation
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9
Q

Histamine causes

A

Vasodilation

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10
Q

___ and __ are also associated with type I hypersensitivity

A

Bronchoconstriction

Increased mucus secretion

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11
Q

Atophy

A

Genetic predisposition to allergies

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12
Q

Itching

A

Pruritus

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13
Q

Hives

A

Urticaria

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14
Q

Type I hypersensitivity late phase reaction

A

Onset 2-8 hours later

Epithelial damage

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15
Q

Type I hypersensitivity immediate response

A

Onset less or equal to 30 min

Quickly subsides

Vascular and smooth muscle rxns

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16
Q

Type I hypersensitivity can range from annoying to

A

Anaphylaxis

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17
Q

____ amplify and prolong the late-phase reaction of type I hypersensitivity

A

Cytokines

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18
Q

Type II hypersensitivity

A

Cytotoxic opsonization

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19
Q

Opsonization causes

A

Inflammation and phagocytosis

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20
Q

Type II hypersensitivity mediated by the following antibodies

A

IgG

IgM

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21
Q

IgG can activate ___ in type II, which attracts ___

A

Complement

Neutrophils

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22
Q

Autoimmune disorders are a lack of

A

Self-tolerance

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23
Q

Central tolerance occurs via

A

Apoptosis

Thymus

Marrow

24
Q

Peripheral tolerance occurs via

A

Inactivation or apoptosis

25
Q

HLA stands for

A

Human leukocyte antigens

26
Q

Some HLA alleles increase the risk of

A

Autoimmunity

27
Q

Autoimmune disorders prefer to attack ___ and ___ tissue

A

Vessels and connective

28
Q

HLA alleles on chromosome ___ helps form ______ proteins that regulate self-tolerance

A

6

Antigen-presenting

29
Q

SLE is more common in ___ adults, and this gender

A

Young

Females

30
Q

SLE also referred to as _____ because it can attack any organ

A

The great imitator

31
Q

Antibodies SLE causes to accumulate

A

Antinuclear antibodies (ANA)

IgG

32
Q

HLA B27 is a risk factor for

A

Ankylosing spondylitis

33
Q

Ankylosing spondylitis is ___ and ____ fusing/ inflammation

A

Spinal joint

SI joint

34
Q

Odds ratio of developing AS from HLA B27

A

100-200

35
Q

Lupus is exceptionally common in

A

African American females

36
Q

Lupus is mediated by

A

Cytotoxic Abs (type II)

Immune complexes (type III)

37
Q

Vasculitis in lupus can cause

A

Thickened tunica intima

Acute necrotizing vasculitis

38
Q

Red blood cell casts in urine observed in lupus

A

Cellular casts

39
Q

Photo sensitivity in lupus can cause

A

Malar rash

Discord rash

Dermoepidermal injury

40
Q

Libman-Sacks Endocarditis (from Lupus)

A

Inflammation on inside of heart that attacks the mitral valve

41
Q

ANA is ____ sensitive and ____ specific

A

99%

80%

42
Q

Jaccoud’s Arthropathy in lupus

A

Non-erosive arthropathy

43
Q

Genetic risk of monozygotic vs dizygotic twins for lupus

A

Mono- 25%

Di- 3%

44
Q

MC of death in lupus

A

Renal failure

45
Q

Treatment for lupus

A

Sunscreen

NSAIDs

Severe- corticosteroids/ immunosuppressive

46
Q

Sjogren syndrome

A

Autoimmune attack on exocrine glands

47
Q

Sjogren syndrome on lacrimal glands causes

A

Dry eyes- Inflammation and ulceration

48
Q

Sjogren syndrome on salivary glands causes

A

Dry mouth, fissuring, ulceration

49
Q

Sjogren syndrome can also damage

A

Ductal epithelia due to CD4 + T cells

50
Q

80% of people with sjogren syndrome have

A

+ ANA

51
Q

Lupus increases the odds of ___ lymphoma

A

B cell

52
Q

Sjogren syndrome most common in females, aged

A

30-60

53
Q

Wicca Syndrome

A

Isolated- no other autoimmune disease

Just eye and mouth

54
Q

___ of sjogren syndrome is secondary to another autoimmune disease

A

60%

55
Q

Systemic Sclerosis consists of two things

A
  1. Fibrosis within mult tissues

2. Destruction of small arteries

56
Q

Systemic sclerosis common in females aged

A

40-60 (3X)

57
Q

Sclerodactyly (in systemic sclerosis)

A

Fibrosis of fingers

Gen Path (10 decks)

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