Section 4 - Chapter 10: Biodiversity Flashcards
What is biodiversity, a habitat and a community
- Is the variety of living organisms in an area
- A habitat is the place where an organism lives
- A community is all the populations of different species in a habitat.
What is the binomial system
- All organisms are given an internationally accepted scientific name in Latin that has 2 parts
- First part (generic name) - genus. Equivalent to surname. First letter uppercase
- The second name called the specific name - species to which the organism belongs. Equivalent to first name. Lower case
- Names are always written in italics/ undelined if handwritten
- If specific name is unknown - write “sp.” Felix sp.
What is Courtship behaviour
Carried out by organisms to attract a mate of the SAME species
Why do we classify species
- Organise them into manageable groups
- Allows for better communication between scientists and avoids confusion
- Grouping is known as classification
What are the 2 different forms of classification
- Artificial Classification
- Phylogeny Classification
What is Artificial Classification
- Grouping organisms based on features that are useful at the time
- e.g colour, size, leaf shape
- These are described as analogous characteristics where they have the same function but don’t have the same evolutionary origins (wings of butterfly and bird)
What is Phylogenetic Classfication
- Based upon evolutionary relationships between organisms and their ancestors
- Classifies species into groups using shared “homologous” features derived from their ancestors
Relationships in P.C are partly based on homologous characteristics. Have similar evolutionary origin regardless of function. Arm of a human, leg of a horse. have same basic structure and evolutionary origins and therefore homologous
- Arranges the groups into a hieracy, in which the groups are contained within larger composite groups with no overlap
What is Taxonomy
- Taxaonomy is the science of classification. It involves naming organisms and organising groups
- This makes it easier to identify and study them.
- Thare are 8 levels of groups used to classify organisms. - taxa Each group a taxon
What are the 3 domains
- Eukarya
- Bacteria
- Archaea
What is the Bacteria Domain
- Group of single-celled organisms
- no membrane-bound organelles
- Unicellular
- Ribosomes = 70S
- Cell walls= murein
- Single loop of DNA no histones
What is Archaea
- Are a group of single-celled prokaryotes that were originally classified as bacteria which they resemble in appearance. They differ because
- Their genes/protein synthesis similar to eukaryotes
- Membranes have fatty acids attached to glycerol
- No murein
- More complex form of RNA polymerase
What are Eukarya and what are the 4 kingdoms it splits into
- Group of organsisms made up of one or more eukaryotic cells. Their features are:
- Have membrane-bound organelles
- Have membranes containing fatty acid chains attached to glycerol by ester bonds
- Not all have cell walls - no murein
- Ribosomes are larger 80S
- Protoctista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia
What is the order of the groups of classification. They names of the taxa.
- Domain - delicious
- Kingdom - King
- Phylum - Prawn
- Class - Curry
- Order - Or
- Family - Fat
- Genus - Greasy
- Species - Sausages
What is phlogeny
- Phylogeny is the study of the evolutionary history of groups of organisms
- Phylogeny tells us who is related to whom and how closely related they are
- All organisms have evolved from shared common ancestors - shown using phylogenetic tree
How can Biodiversity be measured.
Species Diversity
- Number of species in a particular area
- 2 communities could have the same number of species but the proportions of each species can vary
Index of Diversity
- Calculated using an equation that takes both the number of species in a community (species richness) and the abundance of each species
