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The Great Depression > Section 4 > Flashcards

Section 4 Flashcards

1
Q

During the 1930s, states from Texas to the Dakotas suffered a what? What did the area become known as?

A

Severe drought. The Dust Bowl.

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2
Q

What happened during dust bowls?

A

Top soil dried out and high winds carried the soil away in blinding dust storms.

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3
Q

What caused the dustbowl?

A

Years of overgrazing by cattle, and plowing by farmers destroyed the grasses that once held the soil in place.

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4
Q

The ______ dried out the soil, and the _____ _____ blew it away.

A

drought, high winds.

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5
Q

Who were the hardest hit by the duststorms?

A

Poor farmers in Oklahoma and other Great Plains states.

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6
Q

What did poor farmers do when they were majorly affected by the dust storms?

A

They packed their belongings into cars and trucks and headed west.

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7
Q

What did they become?

A

Migrant workers.

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8
Q

What were migrant workers?

A

People who move from one region to another in search of work.

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9
Q

When the migrants reached the West Coast, what was their new hardship they faced?

A

They were not wanted. Sometimes angry crowds blocked the way and sent the migrants away.

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10
Q

What took on added importance during the depression?

A

Traditional roles.

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11
Q

To help pay the rent what did women do?

A

Took in laundry or borders.

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12
Q

What special problems did working

women face?

A

Employers hired men before they would hire a woman, and the federal government refused to hire a woman if her husband had a job.

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13
Q

What was the percentage of increasing marriages of women in the workforce?

A

52%

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14
Q

What did some women do for better pay when employers lowered their wages?

A

Went on strike.

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15
Q

What was Eleanor Roosevelt’s new role for the First Lady?

A

She toured around the nation as the president’s eyes and ears and used her position to speak out for women’s rights.

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16
Q

Who were the first to lose their jobs when hard times hit?

A

African American workers.

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17
Q

What else happened to African Americans during hard times?

A

They were often denied public works, and some charities even refused to serve blacks.

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18
Q

What did Eleanor Roosevelt and others close to the president urge him to do?

A

They urged him to improve the situation of African-Americans.

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19
Q

Who were the unofficial black advisors that FDR invited into the White House?

A

The black cabinet.

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20
Q

Who was the first African-American to head a government agency?

A

Mary McLeod Bethune.

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21
Q

Whose advice did Roosevelt often follow?

A

The black cabinet.

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22
Q

When African-American leaders pressed the president to support an anti-lynching law, what did she do?

A

Refused.

23
Q

What support did the president fear he would lose?

A

Southerners in Congress.

24
Q

Who did many black leaders call on to obtain their civil rights?

A

African-Americans.

25
Q

What are civil rights?

A

The rights due to all citizens.

26
Q

What did Mexican-American farmworkers in the west and southwest face?

A

Discrimination in education and jobs and at the polls.

27
Q

In good times what did employers encourage Mexicans to do?

A

Come north to work.

28
Q

What hard time struck what did many Americans want Mexicans to do?

A

They wanted the Mexicans to be sent back to Mexico.

29
Q

About how many people were rounded up and sent to Mexico?

A

More than 400,000 people.

30
Q

Who did some Americans resent who competed with them for jobs?

A

Asian workers.

31
Q

What did the government sought to reduce?

A

The number of Asians in the United States.

32
Q

In 1935, FDR signed a law for Filipinos. What it do?

A

It was a law that provided free transportation for Filipinos who agreed to return to the Philippines and not come back.

33
Q

In 1924, what did Congress make all Native Americans?

A

American citizens.

34
Q

And the 1930s, what was the name of the series of laws that Congress passed?

A

The Indian new deal.

35
Q

What did the Indian new deal do?

A

It gave Native American nations greater control over their own affairs.

36
Q

Who was the head of the Bureau of Indian affairs?

A

John collier.

37
Q

What did John Collier end?

A

He ended the government policy of breaking up Indian landholdings.

38
Q

What did the Indian reorganization act do?

A

Protected and expanded landholdings of Native American reservations.

39
Q

What did the Roosevelt administration let Indian reservations do?

A

Organize corporations and develop their own business projects.

40
Q

What did the Indian emergency conservation workgroup do?

A

Employed Indians in soil erosion control, irrigation, and land development.

41
Q

Who portrayed the hardships of depression life?

A

Artists.

42
Q

What did John Steinbeck tell the story of in his novel the grapes of wrath?

A

The story of the Okies streaming over the mountains trying to find new homes in California.

43
Q

Who painted huge murals of frontier life?

A

Thomas Hart Benton.

44
Q

Who painted American Gothic?

A

Grant Wood.

45
Q

Who did the government send out to create a lasting record of American life during the Great Depression?

A

Photographers.

46
Q

What comedians made people forget about their troubles?

A

George Burns and Gracie Allen.

47
Q

What were daytime radio shows?

A

They told stories of families, and they were soap operas.

48
Q

What was the most famous radio broadcast?

A

When on Halloween night, Orson Wells presented to newscast based on a science fiction novel, the war of the worlds. Many people mistook the program for the real newscast and frantically sought ways to escape the Martian invasion.

49
Q

To help escape the depression, what did movies tell stories of?

A

Optimistic stories of love and success.

50
Q

What child star became hugely popular?

A

Shirley Temple.

51
Q

What was the first full-length animated film?

A

Snow White and the seven dwarfs.

52
Q

Judy Garland won American hearts in what movie?

A

The Wizard of Oz.

53
Q

What was the most expensively made and the most popular movie of the 1930s?

A

Gone with the wind.

54
Q

What did the movie “gone with the wind” make people feel?

A

It made people feel that Americans had survived hard times before and that they could do it again.

The Great Depression (4 decks)

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