Section 2 Flashcards
What was Franklin Roosevelt known as?
FDR
Was FDR wealthy or poor and who did he marry?
He married Anna Eleanor Roosevelt and came from a wealthy family.
During World War I, FDR served as a what? What did he later become?
He served as an assistant secretary of the Navy and later became governor of New York.
What was FDR stricken with?
Polio.
What is polio?
a disease caused by a virus, FDR’s legs were totally paralyzed.
In 1932, the Democrats made him their what?
Their presidential candidate.
What did Roosevelt say he would do as president?
He said, I pledge myself to a new deal for the American people.
Who did he promised to help in his campaign speeches?
The jobless, poor farmers, and the elderly.
What did voters respond to?
His confident manner and personal charm.
On his inauguration day, what did he speak with?
Optimism.
What did the new president move forward on?
Many fronts.
What he urge his staff to do?
To take a method and try it and if it fails admit it and try another. But above all try something.
What did the new president do in his hundred days?
He sent many bills to Congress and passed 15 major new laws.
What was Roosevelt’s first challenge?
The nations crumbling banking system.
What did he declare on the second day of office? What did it do?
He declared a bank holiday which closed every bank in the country for four days.
What is the emergency banking relief act?
Under this act, only banks with enough funds to meet depositors demands could reopen. the others had to stay closed.
What did she speak to Americans by? What were these called?
Fireside chats by radios.
What did the president say that influenced people to return their money to banks?
It is safer to keep your money in a reopened bank than under your mattress.
How many radio speeches did Roosevelt make while in office?
30.
Why were they called fireside chats?
He spoke from a chair near a fireplace in the White House.
What was Roosevelts program for economic recovery?
New deal.
What were the three main goals for the new deal programs?
Relief for the jobless, plans for economic recovery, and reforms to prevent another depression.
What did the president’s new deal programs change?
The relationship between the government and the economy.
From then on the president’s new deal programs, the federal government took an active role in what?
Managing the American economy.
What is the CCC?
The civilian conservation corps.
Who did the CCC hire?
They hired on employed single men between ages of 18 and 25.
What were the men in the CCC hired to do?
Plant trees, build bridges, work on flood control, and develop new parks.
What was the CCC’s double purpose?
It conserved natural resources, and it gave jobs to young people.
What is the FERA?
The Federal emergency relief administration.
What did the FERA do?
Gave relief to the unemployed and the needy.
What was the WPA?
The Works progress administration.
What did the WPA do?
Put the jobless to work by making clothes, building hospitals, schools, parks, and airports. They also employed artists, writers, and musicians.
What was a part of that WPA?
The federal theater, which put a new plays and classics for adults and children.
What did WPA writers collect information about? What is one example?
Information about American life, one group of writers interviewed African Americans who had lived under slavery.
What was the NRA?
The national recovery administration.
What did Congress pass that created the NRA?
The national industry recovery act. (NIRA)
Under the NIRA, each industry wrote a code for what?
Production, wages, prices, and working conditions.
What did the NIRA try to end?
Price cutting and worker layoffs.
The government encourage people to do business with companies that displayed what?
The NRA Eagle.
Did many companies ignore the codes?
Yes.
What did small businesses feel the codes favored?
The biggest firms.
What was the PWA?
The Public Works administration.
What did the NIRA also set up?
The PWA.
What did the PWA hire workers to do?
Build ports, schools, and aircraft carriers.
What was the AAA?
The agricultural adjustment act.
Under the AAA, in order to discourage overproduction, what did the government do?
Paid farmers not to grow certain crops.
What else did the government pay farmers to do?
To plow surplus crops under the soil and to destroy surplus cows and pigs.
What was the REA?
The rural electrification administration.
What was the REA created to help?
People in rural areas to get the same electrical service as people in urban areas.
What did the percent of farms with electricity rise to?
10% to 25%.
What did electricity save many farms from? What is one example?
Ruin. It brought refrigeration to daily farmers.
What was the TVA?
The Tennessee Valley Authority.
What was the boldest program of the hundred days?
The TVA.
What was the TVA a daring experiment in?
Regional plannings.
To control flooding, TVA engineers built how many dams in how many states?
49 dams in 7 states.
Why did the TVA deepen river channels?
For shipping.
What did the TVA do to improve farmland?
They planted new forests to conserve soil and developed new fertilizers.
What did TVA set up?
Schools and health centers.
What did critics say about the government?
That the government had no right to take business away from private companies in the region.
Supporters of the TVA showed how the government could use its resources to do what?
Help private enterprise.
TVA transformed a desperately poor region into a what?
A prosperous and productive area.
What was the truth-in-securities act designed to end?
To end the risky buying and selling of stocks in hopes of making a quick profit.
What was the FDIC?
The Federal deposit insurance Corporation.
What did the FDIC insure?
It insured saving accounts in banks approved by the government.
If a bank insured by the FDIC failed, the government would then what?
They would make sure depositors received their money.
The new law that extended the pure food and drug act protected consumers by requiring manufactures to do what?
To list ingredients and made sure the new medicines passed test for their put on the market.
