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The Great Depression > Section 2 > Flashcards

Section 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What was Franklin Roosevelt known as?

A

FDR

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2
Q

Was FDR wealthy or poor and who did he marry?

A

He married Anna Eleanor Roosevelt and came from a wealthy family.

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3
Q

During World War I, FDR served as a what? What did he later become?

A

He served as an assistant secretary of the Navy and later became governor of New York.

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4
Q

What was FDR stricken with?

A

Polio.

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5
Q

What is polio?

A

a disease caused by a virus, FDR’s legs were totally paralyzed.

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6
Q

In 1932, the Democrats made him their what?

A

Their presidential candidate.

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7
Q

What did Roosevelt say he would do as president?

A

He said, I pledge myself to a new deal for the American people.

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8
Q

Who did he promised to help in his campaign speeches?

A

The jobless, poor farmers, and the elderly.

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9
Q

What did voters respond to?

A

His confident manner and personal charm.

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10
Q

On his inauguration day, what did he speak with?

A

Optimism.

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11
Q

What did the new president move forward on?

A

Many fronts.

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12
Q

What he urge his staff to do?

A

To take a method and try it and if it fails admit it and try another. But above all try something.

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13
Q

What did the new president do in his hundred days?

A

He sent many bills to Congress and passed 15 major new laws.

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14
Q

What was Roosevelt’s first challenge?

A

The nations crumbling banking system.

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15
Q

What did he declare on the second day of office? What did it do?

A

He declared a bank holiday which closed every bank in the country for four days.

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16
Q

What is the emergency banking relief act?

A

Under this act, only banks with enough funds to meet depositors demands could reopen. the others had to stay closed.

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17
Q

What did she speak to Americans by? What were these called?

A

Fireside chats by radios.

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18
Q

What did the president say that influenced people to return their money to banks?

A

It is safer to keep your money in a reopened bank than under your mattress.

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19
Q

How many radio speeches did Roosevelt make while in office?

A

30.

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20
Q

Why were they called fireside chats?

A

He spoke from a chair near a fireplace in the White House.

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21
Q

What was Roosevelts program for economic recovery?

A

New deal.

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22
Q

What were the three main goals for the new deal programs?

A

Relief for the jobless, plans for economic recovery, and reforms to prevent another depression.

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23
Q

What did the president’s new deal programs change?

A

The relationship between the government and the economy.

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24
Q

From then on the president’s new deal programs, the federal government took an active role in what?

A

Managing the American economy.

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25
Q

What is the CCC?

A

The civilian conservation corps.

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26
Q

Who did the CCC hire?

A

They hired on employed single men between ages of 18 and 25.

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27
Q

What were the men in the CCC hired to do?

A

Plant trees, build bridges, work on flood control, and develop new parks.

28
Q

What was the CCC’s double purpose?

A

It conserved natural resources, and it gave jobs to young people.

29
Q

What is the FERA?

A

The Federal emergency relief administration.

30
Q

What did the FERA do?

A

Gave relief to the unemployed and the needy.

31
Q

What was the WPA?

A

The Works progress administration.

32
Q

What did the WPA do?

A

Put the jobless to work by making clothes, building hospitals, schools, parks, and airports. They also employed artists, writers, and musicians.

33
Q

What was a part of that WPA?

A

The federal theater, which put a new plays and classics for adults and children.

34
Q

What did WPA writers collect information about? What is one example?

A

Information about American life, one group of writers interviewed African Americans who had lived under slavery.

35
Q

What was the NRA?

A

The national recovery administration.

36
Q

What did Congress pass that created the NRA?

A

The national industry recovery act. (NIRA)

37
Q

Under the NIRA, each industry wrote a code for what?

A

Production, wages, prices, and working conditions.

38
Q

What did the NIRA try to end?

A

Price cutting and worker layoffs.

39
Q

The government encourage people to do business with companies that displayed what?

A

The NRA Eagle.

40
Q

Did many companies ignore the codes?

A

Yes.

41
Q

What did small businesses feel the codes favored?

A

The biggest firms.

42
Q

What was the PWA?

A

The Public Works administration.

43
Q

What did the NIRA also set up?

A

The PWA.

44
Q

What did the PWA hire workers to do?

A

Build ports, schools, and aircraft carriers.

45
Q

What was the AAA?

A

The agricultural adjustment act.

46
Q

Under the AAA, in order to discourage overproduction, what did the government do?

A

Paid farmers not to grow certain crops.

47
Q

What else did the government pay farmers to do?

A

To plow surplus crops under the soil and to destroy surplus cows and pigs.

48
Q

What was the REA?

A

The rural electrification administration.

49
Q

What was the REA created to help?

A

People in rural areas to get the same electrical service as people in urban areas.

50
Q

What did the percent of farms with electricity rise to?

A

10% to 25%.

51
Q

What did electricity save many farms from? What is one example?

A

Ruin. It brought refrigeration to daily farmers.

52
Q

What was the TVA?

A

The Tennessee Valley Authority.

53
Q

What was the boldest program of the hundred days?

A

The TVA.

54
Q

What was the TVA a daring experiment in?

A

Regional plannings.

55
Q

To control flooding, TVA engineers built how many dams in how many states?

A

49 dams in 7 states.

56
Q

Why did the TVA deepen river channels?

A

For shipping.

57
Q

What did the TVA do to improve farmland?

A

They planted new forests to conserve soil and developed new fertilizers.

58
Q

What did TVA set up?

A

Schools and health centers.

59
Q

What did critics say about the government?

A

That the government had no right to take business away from private companies in the region.

60
Q

Supporters of the TVA showed how the government could use its resources to do what?

A

Help private enterprise.

61
Q

TVA transformed a desperately poor region into a what?

A

A prosperous and productive area.

62
Q

What was the truth-in-securities act designed to end?

A

To end the risky buying and selling of stocks in hopes of making a quick profit.

63
Q

What was the FDIC?

A

The Federal deposit insurance Corporation.

64
Q

What did the FDIC insure?

A

It insured saving accounts in banks approved by the government.

65
Q

If a bank insured by the FDIC failed, the government would then what?

A

They would make sure depositors received their money.

66
Q

The new law that extended the pure food and drug act protected consumers by requiring manufactures to do what?

A

To list ingredients and made sure the new medicines passed test for their put on the market.

The Great Depression (4 decks)

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