SECTION 4

Question 1

1. N + にとって
   にとっては
   にとっても
2. Vplain/い adj.
   な adj.
   N の + わりに
   わりには
3. Vplain/い adj.
   な adj. な
   N の + くせに
4. V/い adj./な adj. N + なんか
   (All forms) なんて
   など

Answer 1

1. Regarding ~, concerning ~, for ~ (ex. For me, studying kanji is fun) (for workers, drinking water is essential)
2. Despite ~, (positive) (ex. Despite of holiday, theres many people around) (He is in good shape despite of his age)
3. Despite of ~, in spite of ~, even though ~, (negativity, feeling of criticism) (ex. Even though she is sick, he smokes cigarette.) (Despite of his money, he still feels lonely)
4. Expresses negative feelings. (nanka, nante = something, something like) (ex. I really hate nato, なっとうなんかきらいです. I really hate something like natto.) (Ex. I can only speak japanese. (にほんごなんて話せます) (making your self stupid to others that you can only speak 1 language, ur proud of others that they can speak other language)

Question 2

1. Vplain/い adj.
   な adj. な
   N の +おかげで
   おかげだ
2. Vplain/い adj.
   な adj. な
   N の + せいで
   せいだ
   せいか
3. Vplain/い adj.
   な adj. な
   N の + かわりに
   そのかわりに
4. N (person) に + かわって
   かわり

Answer 2

1. Thanks to ~, because of ~ (good result for the speaker).
2. Because of ~, due to ~ (negative result for the speaker).
3. Instead of ~, as a substitute for~
   In exchange for ~, in return for ~
   (ex. This morning, i drunk tea, instead of coffee.)
   (In exchange for working overtime lately, my boss let me rest for the whole week)
4. Instead of ~, on behalf of~,
   (All person)
   (Ex. I cook dinner, instead of my mom)
   (I will sign this paper in behalf of my boss whos on a trip)

Question 3

1. Vplain/い adj./N
   な adj. な + くらい
   ぐらい
   ほど +
   だ
   に
   のN
2. V ば Vる + ほど
   い adj. ければ いadj. + ほど
   な ならば な + ほど
3. N くらい +N(人) は+ ~ない
   ほど +”もの。こと”+は~~ない

Answer 3

1. About ~, around ~, approximately ~, degree (of action ex. Somuch,really,more)
2. The more ~, the less ~
3. No one~… Other than ~

Question 4

1. Vplain + ことわない
2. Vplain/い adj./な adj/N + ということです
3. Vplain + ことです
4. い adj/い adj. かった
   な adj. な/ な adj. だった
   Vplain
   +ことか
   -どんなに =
   -どれだけ =
   -どれほど = how much (emotion, etc.)
   -なんど = how many times

Answer 4

1. There is no need
2. Expressing intentions.
   もっと: In other words, it means that ~.
3. Must do
4. How! What! (Ex. How i wish, how happy i am, how many times i told you), how happy i am

Question 5

1. N だ/N だった + っけ
   な adj. だ/ な adj. だった + っけ
   い adj./い かった + っけ
   V た + っけ
   PWEDE: でしたっけ/ましたっけ
2. Vplain + しかない
   しかなかった
   しかありません
3. Vplain/い adj. + んだって
   N/な adj. + なんだって

4.Vplain/い adj. + んだもん
N/な adj. + なんだもん

Answer 5

1. Casual suffix used to confirm something you are trying to remember. (Ex. Nag kaon naman ang iro no?)
2. Have no choice but ~, only option, should just try (やるしかない)
3. I hear that ~, I heard that ~, I found out that ~, (ex. I heard naa na syay uyab)
4. Casual. Used by child or women. To insist and justify. To. act like cute. Sentence ending particle. (Ex. Ngano nidagan kag kalit? - Nakakita mn gud kog ipis.)

Question 6

1.つまり (adverb)

2. その ため に (expression)

3.そのけっか (expression

4. なぜなら (ば)
   なぜかというと
   どうしてかいうと
   -interchangeable-
   (Expression)
   (Always naay からです at the end of sentence)

Answer 6

1. In other words ~ (ex. Wala syay celpon, in other words, di nato sya makontak)

2.because of that ~, for that reason~, (ex. Nagaplano ko nga mag abroad, because of that, naga ipon ko)

3. As a result ~,(positive outcome). (ex. Naningkamot akong papa, as a result, nag success sya.)
4. Because, the reason is ~ if you want to know why ~, (same as からです). (Ex. Muuli ko ugma sa akong city, kay mag kuha ko ug kwarta gikan sa city hall)