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Social Science 23-24 > Section 4 > Flashcards

Section 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

Programmer at MIT’s Artificial Intelligence Lab

A

Richard Stallman

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2
Q

Funded by the company Symbolics

A

MIT’s AI Lab’s Lisp Machine

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3
Q

Did not want to share its AI software

A

MIT’s AI Lab

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4
Q

Proponent of free software. Wanted source code to be publicly available and modifiable.

A

Richard Stallman

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5
Q

Created GNU

A

Richard Stallman

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6
Q

New, open-source OS created by Richard Stallman

A

GNU

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7
Q

Richard Stallman’s GNU was missing its

A

kernel (HURD)

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8
Q

GNU’s kernel

A

HURD

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9
Q

Finish college student who developed a Unix-like OS

A

Linus Torvalds

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10
Q

Sought to improve the Minix OS

A

Linus Torvalds

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11
Q

Vannevar Bush’s system that predated Web’s Hypertext

A

Memex

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12
Q

Hypothetical machine by Vannevar Bush for retrieving documents from microfilm

A

Memex

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13
Q

Ted Nelson’s system that predated Hypertext

A

Xanadu

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14
Q

System for indexing, connecting, and accessing documents; never completed
By Ted Nelson

A

Xanadu

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15
Q

Made by Apple.
Virtual cards that displayed linked content on a user’s system; no connection to other servers

A

Hypercard

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16
Q

Where the World Wide Web was invented

A

CERB physics lab in Switzerland

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17
Q

Invetor of the World Wide Web

A

Tim Berners-lee

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18
Q

Hypertext+internet=

A

World Wide Web

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19
Q

Key parts of the World Wide Web that Tim Berners Lee pioneered

A

HTML, HTTP, Tags, Web server, URL

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20
Q

Inventors of Mosaic

A

Marc Andreseen, Eric Bina

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21
Q

Free access web browser made by Marc Andreessen and Eric Bina

A

Mosaic

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22
Q

Mosaic worked on ____ and could access hyperlinks with

A

Windows, Mac, and Unix. Mouse clicks.

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23
Q

Founders of Netscape Communications Corporation

A

Jim Clark, Marc Andreesen

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24
Q

Amount of times Netscape was downloaded

A

15 million times

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25
Q

Search engine by Jerry Yang and David Filo

A

Yahoo

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26
Q

Yahoo creators

A

David Filo, Jerry Yang

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27
Q

Search engine created by Larry Page and Sergey Brin

A

Google

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28
Q

Google creators

A

Larry Page, Sergey Brin

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29
Q

Manually created lists of verified sites. Search engine

A

Yahoo

30
Q

Relied on inbound links to determine relevancy and targeted advertisements. Search engine.

A

Google

31
Q

Original name of Java

A

Oak

32
Q

Inventor of Java

A

James Gosling

33
Q

Could run on all computers, simplified the difficult features of C.
Popular addition to HTML (like animations, games, and videos).

A

Java

34
Q

Release year of the Macintosh and how many units sold.

A

1998, 800,000 unites

35
Q

Fun turquoise plastic shell, friendly round chassis, no floppy disk drive

A

Apple iMac

36
Q

Early potable computers during the 1980s

A

Osborne 1, GRiD Compass 1101, IBM PC-compatible portable computer

37
Q

5-inch monochrome screen, 23 pounds, CP/M OS.
Early portable computer

A

Osborne 1

38
Q

First laptop computer, cost $8,000

A

GRiD Compass 1101

39
Q

Developed by Compaq to be PC compatible. Portable computer.

A

IBM PC-compatible portable computer

40
Q

First personal digital assistant (PDA)

A

Psios Organizer II

41
Q

Stylus; bulky and expensive. PDA

A

Apple Newton

42
Q

Grafitti gesture-based alphabet; included many programming tools and apps. PDA

A

Palm Pilot

43
Q

Keyboard and wireless email service

A

Search in Motion, BlackBerry

44
Q

Portable music players adapted from

A

cassettes and radio technology

45
Q

The first commercially available cell phone was released in

A

1983

46
Q

Smartphones combined the features of

A

PDAs, GPS unites, MP3 players, and cell phones

47
Q

First smartphone

A

Handspring Treo

48
Q

Sold cellular telephones

A

BlackBerry

49
Q

Manufactured smartphones using Symbian

A

Nokia

50
Q

Released a Windows Mobile OS for smartphones

A

Microsoft

51
Q

The iPhone sold

A

90 million copies in 3 years

52
Q

Interactive websites focused on publishing use-generated content

A

Web 2.0

53
Q

Invented by Ward Cunningham in 1995

A

Wikipedia

54
Q

Objective C, Swift based cellular phones

A

Apple

54
Q

Wikiwiki (Hawaiian word)

A

Quick

55
Q

Java used for phones

A

Android

56
Q

Sued Google for royalty payments in 2009

A

Oracle

57
Q

Every few years, PCs increase in power and decrease in price. Transistor double on a processor.

A

Moore’s Law

58
Q

Leasing computers to other businesses for a fee

A

Cloud computing

59
Q

SaaS

A

Software as a service

60
Q

Salesforce.com, Adobe Suite, Hotmail/Outlook, Office Suite, Gmail, G Suite

A

Saas

61
Q

Online ledger that can be used to record financial transactions, citizenship, membership, ownership, and more

A

Blockchain

62
Q

Series of bytes based on the content of previous entires. Apart of blockchain

A

Hashes

63
Q

Invented by Satoshi Nakamoto in 2008

A

Bitcoin

64
Q

NFT

A

non-fungible token

65
Q

The study of AI began during the

A

1950s

66
Q

Using algorithms to analyze data and find patterns

A

machine learning

67
Q

“Bit” units are represented by 0 or 1. Slower

A

Electronic computers

68
Q

“Bit” units are represented by positions of an electron on an atom. Incredibly fast

A

Quantum computers

69
Q
A

Social Science 23-24 (12 decks)

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