Section 4

Question 1

what did defence spending increase by in the 1930s?

Answer 1

16.5% in 1937 to 32.6% in 1940

Question 2

what helped russia ready for war?

Answer 2

the 5 year plans

Question 3

what was the Molotov-Ribbentrop

Answer 3

partitioned poland and treaty of non-aggression

Question 4

what was operation Barbarossa?

Answer 4

Germans began invading the Soviet Union- 1941

Question 5

who was commissar of foreign affairs?

Answer 5

Molotov- Stalin left him to make war announcement

Question 6

what was established as response to the war?

Answer 6

Stavka (Supreme Military Command) and GKO (State Defence Committee)

Question 7

who was military commander during ww2

Answer 7

Zhukov

Question 8

who was given control over all party and state bodies?

Answer 8

(mostly led by Molotov) the GKO

Question 9

how much GDP did the GKO devote to the war?

Answer 9

50%

Question 10

how much did party numbers increase by?

Answer 10

8.6 million with 6.4 millionm in the army and navy
went from 15% to 50% of people in the army

Question 11

Stalin and the Stavka?

Answer 11

took a leading role becoming commander-in-chief and later becoming chairman

Question 12

what did territorial gains after the nazi-soviet pact lead to?

Answer 12

led to 1.5 million people being deported to Kazakhstan and Siberia due to potential hostility – 20000 Polish officers, police, and elite were shot in April 1940​

Question 13

how many Volga germans were deported in 1941

Answer 13

600,000

Question 14

what was order 227?

Answer 14

‘not one step back’ led to 150,000 being executed

Question 15

what were penal battalions?

Answer 15

soldiers requiring discipline were set to these (around 430000} were given the most dangerous jobs- casualty rate around 50%

Question 16

what was a defence tactic that had dire long term consequences?

Answer 16

scorched earth

Question 17

what was the economy like at the begining of the war?

Answer 17

bad- hitlet had gained land that contained 63% of coal, 68% of iron, 58% of steel, 45% of railways, 41% of arable land​

Question 18

what did the wartime economy inlcude?

Answer 18

1.5 million wagon loads of plants, machinery, and workers were moved outside of Nazi control (8-10% of productive capacity)​
3500 new factories were created, and by 1942-3 industry was producing aircraft, tanks, guns, and shells faster than Germany​
Shortage of labour meant that mass production and simplification were essential – led to concerns over quality of goods, especially mines and aircraft​
T-34 and KV tanks eventually outperformed German Panzers​

Question 19

what was the redistribution of national expenditure?

Answer 19

military budget rose from 29% to 57% by end of 1942, and munitions manufacture accounted for 76% of production​

Question 20

how many tons of equipment was shipped from the west?

Answer 20

17.5 million tons of military equipment was shipped from the West, 94% of which came from the US​

Question 21

what were living standards like?

Answer 21

fell by 2/5, in one factory 8000 women lived in holes in the ground, requisitioning intensified to feed the front line

Question 22

social impact of the war?

Answer 22

Soviet citizens enthusiastically supported the war effort – 120000 recruits signed up in Moscow alone​
A law of December 1941 mobilised all undrafted workers for war work for all men aged 16-55 and women aged 16-45​
Working week averaged 70-77 hours, with obligatory overtime and harsh punishments for absences and lateness as factories were placed under martial law​
Offence for soldiers to be taken captive – ration cards of family would be confiscated​
Chronic housing and food shortages​

Question 23

what were introduced in 1944?

Answer 23

​measures to increase birth rate

Question 24

when was bread rationing introduced?

Answer 24

1941

Question 25

what were the number of deaths in leningrad due to starvation

Answer 25

53,000 indec 1941
total: 632,253

Question 26

who was Pavlichenko?

Answer 26

female-sniper who rose to rank Major and had 309 kills
used for propaganda
first soviet allowed to enter the whitehouse

Question 27

Beria

Answer 27

1938- deupty head of the NKVD- later in the year the head
1941- deupty prime minister
1946- joined the politburo

Question 28

Malenkov

Answer 28

1946- stalin appointed him as deputy prime minister
1953- became prime minister and head of communist party

Question 29

when did stalin die?

Answer 29

1953

Question 30

what and when was the doctors plot?

Answer 30

1953- many prominent (jewish) doctors were accused of killing their patients including soviet leaders

Question 31

what happened in feb 1947

Answer 31

hotels and marriages were banned to foreigners

Question 32

what happened to jewish director , Solomon Mikhoels

Answer 32

was killed in a suspicious MVD-arranged car accident​ in 1948

Question 33

what was science like under stalin

Answer 33

chemistry had to uphold Leninist principles, and only Physics escaped strict censorship to develop the atom bomb (although the Theory of Relativity was banned)​
medicine led the world in some ascpects

Question 34

how many people were deported in 1945-49

Answer 34

42000 people were deported from the new Soviet Republics between 1945-49, after resistance to collectivisation in 1948

Question 35

what happened in 1953

Answer 35

there were accusations of a Mingrelian nationalist plot, leading to the purge of key officials – clearly intended to undermine Beria​