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History Tsarist and Communist Russia > Section 3 > Flashcards

Section 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

what was Lenin’s first decree after seizing power?

A

abolishment of private ownership of land

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2
Q

what was abolished in November 1917

A

abolishment of tsarist ranks, titles and privileges

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3
Q

what was created in december 1917

A

the CHEKA

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4
Q

what did lenin call for?

A

a one party state

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5
Q

when and what was the treaty of brest-litovsk

A

1918- ended russia’s involvement in ww1

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6
Q

who led the cheka

A

Dzerzhinsky

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7
Q

who was the Jewish women who tried to assassinate lenin

A

Fanny Kaplan

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8
Q

what happened on international women’s day (8th feb 1917?

A

thousands of people protested for more food- allowed the bolsheviks to over throw the tsar

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9
Q

who was head of the provisional government?

A

Kerensky

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10
Q

what was the bolshevik slogan

A

peace,land,bread

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11
Q

who was head of the army under the provisional government

A

Kornilov

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12
Q

how many executions were there between dec 1917 and summer 1918?

A

1000- enemies were labelled ‘counterrevolutionaries

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13
Q

when was the Kronstadt revolt?

A

1921- naval sailors rose up against soviet control

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14
Q

who was involved in the power struggle?

A

stalin and trotsky

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15
Q

what happened in may 2022?

A

Lenin had a series of strokes

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16
Q

who created the cult of lenin?

A

Stalin

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17
Q

who were contenders or power on the left?

A

Trotsky, Zinoviev and Kamenev

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18
Q

who were contenders for power on the right?

A

Bukharin, Tomsky and Rykov

19
Q

what was the lenin enrolment?

A

1924- Stalin initiated an enrolment drive which allowed 128,000 people to join the communist party

20
Q

What was the NEP?

A

New economic Policy

21
Q

What was state capitalism?

A

the transition between capitalism and communism- primarily communist- things were state owned but allowed some capitalist aspects e.g. people to sell food if they had an abundance

22
Q

when was grain requisitioning introduced under lenin?

A

summer 1918

23
Q

what were kulacks labelled?

A

enemies of the people

24
Q

what did the NEP include?

A

orced requisitioning of farm produce was replaced by a smaller ‘tax in kind’ (i.e. tax paid in produce). This allowed peasants to sell their surplus on the free market.
Small-scale businesses were denationalised. This allowed a large sector of the market to return to normal.
‘The commanding heights of industry’ (coal, steel, transport etc.) remained in government hands.
A purge of Party membership, a reduction in persecution of ‘class enemies’
and the creation of law codes to allow a return to normal life

25
Q

what was stalin’s economic policy?

A

5 year plans- introduced in 1928

26
Q

what were the 5 year plans focused on?

A

industrialisation

27
Q

what did the 1936 constitution involve?

A

more autonomy for republics- in reality central control of budgets curtailed this and Stalin purged leaders calling for more independence
Replacement of All-Russian Congress of Soviets with ‘Supreme Soviet’- in reality utilised to impart central decisions
Four-yearly elections and suffrage for everybody over 18- in reality elections were not contested
freedom of arbitrary arrest and freedom of speech- in reality secret police and censorship

28
Q

how many tons of grain were exported under the NEP?

A

3 million tons- bad 4x less than under the tsars

29
Q

what were exports at in 1926/27?

A

33% and imports were 38% of their 1913 levels due to decline in grain exports

30
Q

what were people doing with their grain in 1927?

A

people were feeding it to their animals instead of selling it at a low price. 3/4 of the grain in 1926 was procured in 1927

31
Q

what were wages like for urban workers in 1928?

A

only just passed pre 1914 wages-

32
Q

what happened to women after the red army demobilised?

A

forced out of jobs, many unsupported owmen ended up on the streets

33
Q

what was stalin’s ‘great turn’

A

rapid industrialisation
collectivisation- 15% of households were to be collectivised

34
Q

collectivisation 1929-30

A

introduced dekulakisation
15% of peasant households were destroyed and 150,000 were forced to migrate
march 1930- 58% of households were collectivised

35
Q

which famine happened in 1932-33

A

the Holodomor- estimated 3.9 million Ukrainians died form starvation

36
Q

what were stalin’s educational policeis?

A

formal education- 10 years
literacy rose to 88%
government controlled university
state prescribed textbooks

37
Q

health under lenin

A

wanted to set up a free national health service but was impossible due to civil war 1918-20

38
Q

health under stalin

A

massive famine caused by collectivisation
doctors and nurses increased
improved health care for party members

39
Q

social issues under lenin

A

made divorce and abortion more accessible
family devalused
feminists emerged e.g. Alexandra Kollontai

40
Q

social issues under stalin

A

The ‘great retreat’ – stresses the value of the family​
Did not approve of sexual freedoms​
traditional family was a good balance to economic modernisation ​
Divorce and abortion made more difficult​
Homosexuality outlawed​
Demand for labour meant women had to become members of the workforce but also expected to be wives and mothers – great strains​
1930 – 1945, women’s pay dropped in real terms​

41
Q

when did the red terror begin?

A

1918

42
Q

when did show trials begin?

A

1928
‘industrial party’ trial in 1930
metro-vickers trial in 1933 which included British specialists

42
Q

when did show trials begin?

A

1928
‘industrial party’ trial in 1930
metro-vickers trial in 1933 which included British specialists

42
Q

when did show trials begin?

A

1928
‘industrial party’ trial in 1930
metro-vickers trial in 1933 which included British specialists

History Tsarist and Communist Russia (3 decks)

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