Section 3

Question 1

what was Lenin’s first decree after seizing power?

Answer 1

abolishment of private ownership of land

Question 2

what was abolished in November 1917

Answer 2

abolishment of tsarist ranks, titles and privileges

Question 3

what was created in december 1917

Answer 3

the CHEKA

Question 4

what did lenin call for?

Answer 4

a one party state

Question 5

when and what was the treaty of brest-litovsk

Answer 5

1918- ended russia’s involvement in ww1

Question 6

who led the cheka

Answer 6

Dzerzhinsky

Question 7

who was the Jewish women who tried to assassinate lenin

Answer 7

Fanny Kaplan

Question 8

what happened on international women’s day (8th feb 1917?

Answer 8

thousands of people protested for more food- allowed the bolsheviks to over throw the tsar

Question 9

who was head of the provisional government?

Answer 9

Kerensky

Question 10

what was the bolshevik slogan

Answer 10

peace,land,bread

Question 11

who was head of the army under the provisional government

Answer 11

Kornilov

Question 12

how many executions were there between dec 1917 and summer 1918?

Answer 12

1000- enemies were labelled ‘counterrevolutionaries

Question 13

when was the Kronstadt revolt?

Answer 13

1921- naval sailors rose up against soviet control

Question 14

who was involved in the power struggle?

Answer 14

stalin and trotsky

Question 15

what happened in may 2022?

Answer 15

Lenin had a series of strokes

Question 16

who created the cult of lenin?

Answer 16

Stalin

Question 17

who were contenders or power on the left?

Answer 17

Trotsky, Zinoviev and Kamenev

Question 18

who were contenders for power on the right?

Answer 18

Bukharin, Tomsky and Rykov

Question 19

what was the lenin enrolment?

Answer 19

1924- Stalin initiated an enrolment drive which allowed 128,000 people to join the communist party

Question 20

What was the NEP?

Answer 20

New economic Policy

Question 21

What was state capitalism?

Answer 21

the transition between capitalism and communism- primarily communist- things were state owned but allowed some capitalist aspects e.g. people to sell food if they had an abundance

Question 22

when was grain requisitioning introduced under lenin?

Answer 22

summer 1918

Question 23

what were kulacks labelled?

Answer 23

enemies of the people

Question 24

what did the NEP include?

Answer 24

orced requisitioning of farm produce was replaced by a smaller ‘tax in kind’ (i.e. tax paid in produce). This allowed peasants to sell their surplus on the free market.
Small-scale businesses were denationalised. This allowed a large sector of the market to return to normal.
‘The commanding heights of industry’ (coal, steel, transport etc.) remained in government hands.
A purge of Party membership, a reduction in persecution of ‘class enemies’
and the creation of law codes to allow a return to normal life

Question 25

what was stalin's economic policy?

Answer 25

5 year plans- introduced in 1928

Question 26

what were the 5 year plans focused on?

Answer 26

industrialisation

Question 27

what did the 1936 constitution involve?

Answer 27

more autonomy for republics- in reality central control of budgets curtailed this and Stalin purged leaders calling for more independence Replacement of All-Russian Congress of Soviets with 'Supreme Soviet'- in reality utilised to impart central decisions Four-yearly elections and suffrage for everybody over 18- in reality elections were not contested freedom of arbitrary arrest and freedom of speech- in reality secret police and censorship

Question 28

how many tons of grain were exported under the NEP?

Answer 28

3 million tons- bad 4x less than under the tsars

Question 29

what were exports at in 1926/27?

Answer 29

33% and imports were 38% of their 1913 levels due to decline in grain exports

Question 30

what were people doing with their grain in 1927?

Answer 30

people were feeding it to their animals instead of selling it at a low price. 3/4 of the grain in 1926 was procured in 1927

Question 31

what were wages like for urban workers in 1928?

Answer 31

only just passed pre 1914 wages-

Question 32

what happened to women after the red army demobilised?

Answer 32

forced out of jobs, many unsupported owmen ended up on the streets

Question 33

what was stalin's 'great turn'

Answer 33

rapid industrialisation collectivisation- 15% of households were to be collectivised

Question 34

collectivisation 1929-30

Answer 34

introduced dekulakisation 15% of peasant households were destroyed and 150,000 were forced to migrate march 1930- 58% of households were collectivised

Question 35

which famine happened in 1932-33

Answer 35

the Holodomor- estimated 3.9 million Ukrainians died form starvation

Question 36

what were stalin's educational policeis?

Answer 36

formal education- 10 years literacy rose to 88% government controlled university state prescribed textbooks

Question 37

health under lenin

Answer 37

wanted to set up a free national health service but was impossible due to civil war 1918-20

Question 38

health under stalin

Answer 38

massive famine caused by collectivisation doctors and nurses increased improved health care for party members

Question 39

social issues under lenin

Answer 39

made divorce and abortion more accessible family devalused feminists emerged e.g. Alexandra Kollontai

Question 40

social issues under stalin

Answer 40

The ‘great retreat’ – stresses the value of the family​ Did not approve of sexual freedoms​ traditional family was a good balance to economic modernisation ​ Divorce and abortion made more difficult​ Homosexuality outlawed​ Demand for labour meant women had to become members of the workforce but also expected to be wives and mothers – great strains​ 1930 – 1945, women’s pay dropped in real terms​

Question 41

when did the red terror begin?

Answer 41

1918

Question 42

when did show trials begin?

Answer 42

1928 'industrial party' trial in 1930 metro-vickers trial in 1933 which included British specialists

Question 42

when did show trials begin?

Answer 42

1928 'industrial party' trial in 1930 metro-vickers trial in 1933 which included British specialists

Question 42

when did show trials begin?

Answer 42

1928 'industrial party' trial in 1930 metro-vickers trial in 1933 which included British specialists