Section 3, participation Flashcards
Which 7 groups of people are most likely to suffer from social exclusion?
Ethnic minority Females Disabled Inner City Youth Elderly Low income (socio-economic)
Define sterotype
Standardised image, shared by members of a social group, where certain behaviour traits are associated with particular types of individuals/groups, usually involving negative images/expectations.
Define Prejudice
Opinion, especially unfavourable, based on inadequate facts, often displaying intolerance/dislike of people
Cost to individual: social exclusion (3)
Higher risk unemployment
Not realising educational potential
Crime and fear of Crime in deprived communities
Cost to tax payer - social exclusion
Income support, housing benefit
School exclusions
Cost to ecomomy - social exclusion
Lack of skilled workers = productivity gap between UK and international competitors
Lack of customers= low income, reduces nations spending power
Define social mobiltiy
the movement of individuals up or down the social class structure
What is the National Strategy for Neighbourhood Renewal?
Government plan to: build socially inclusive communities by:
Local authorities have to remit to lower wordlessness, crime, improve skills, health and housing to narrow gap between most deprived areas and rest of country
Define stacking
the disproportionate concentration of ethnic minorities in certain positions in a sports team based on the stereotype that they are more valued for their physical skills than decision making qualities
Eg. black players in outfield positions
What is Grusky’s theory of centrality
Stacking restricts ethnic minority groups from more central positions, which are based on coordinative tasks, requiring decision making and social interaction
Define labelling
The way in which agents of social control, eg. teachers, attach stigmatising stereotypes to particular groups of people. Can have a self-fulfilling prophecy.
Define channeling
Teachers channel children from ethnic minority groups into certain sports they think they are most likely to succeed in. Or, channelling them into sport rather than academics.
7 solutions to low participation from ethnic minorities
Campaigns eg. kick it out football
Media coverage to raise awareness and role models
People from ethnic minorities in local communities to be trained as sports leaders and sports development officers
Clubs supported, integration not forced
Information available about sports provision in local area
Policy planning, race relation advisors and customer care
Sport policies sensitive and respectful for other cultures
What does kick it out football do
Challenge racism
supported and funded by NGBs
Why lower female participation
Domestic role
Social stereotyping - less positive as characteristics masculine
Preserve of males - established and controlled originally
Less media coverage, fewer role models
Tradition- women earn less money and occupy fewer positions of power in society and workplace, so less in sporting institutions where decisions made
unequal opportunities; less facilities and variety of activities. less coaches, club access, childcare.
Solutions to low participation rates : women
equal opportunities feminist movement - means NBGs have to deliver equal opportunities following sex discrimination act (1975) and in line with gov policies.
Women’s sport foundation raises awareness for inequalities and guidelines for organisations involving female sport participation
More facilities- childcare
Better school club links (post school gap)
Media coverage, positive role models
Health related activites.
Why has opportunities for female participation increased (6)
More disposable income
More transport
More clubs, sports, competitions
More media coverage
More women in positions of responsibility
Social and legal responsibility to improve opportunites for women in all organisations
Sex discrimination act 1975
excluded private sport clubs
Womens sport foundation aims
Improve and promote women’s and girls opportunities in sport and fitness, through research, training, information, advocacy.
Campaigns for change via raising awareness and influencing policy
Sport England funded (other via grants, donations, supporter subscriptions).
Involved in projects-
sport foundation awards
women set go initiative
Define disability
when impairment affects performance
Goalball
3 a side roll ball along floor to opponents goal eyeshades - everyone equal at visual perception ball has bell inside tactile markings on playing court
Inclusiveness - approach being developed by: (5)
Put individual at centre of policies
Recognise and support diversity - strive to reach widest range of needs
Seek best match between provision and needs of individual
Provide staff training and development
Liaise with other relevant organisations to do ‘joined up thinking’
Disadvantages and advantages of integration - disabilities
DISADVANTAGE:
may not be able to participate fully, abled body unchallenging
safety issues
ADVANTAGES
disabled feel more included
raised self-esteem when successful
Define classification
an attempt to group sports competitors to enable fair competition
enabled disabled sport to become elite and competitive
adv and disadv of segregation - disabilities
ADV
more success in this environment
DISADV
reinforces notion different from society
Improved opportunities for disabled via: (5)
Sport England Disability Sport England English federation of disabled sport NGBS support projects
need for greater coordination of its polices;
Raise awareness of opportunities already available
raise awareness among public of disability issues
specialist training programmes for staff
making access to and within facilities more manageable
adapting more sports
What does disability sport England aim for (6)
provide opportunities
promote benefits
support organisations in providing opportunities
educate and make aware of sporting abilities of disabled people
enhance image, awareness and understanding
Encourage disabled people to play active role in development of their sport
3 national disability sports organisations recognised by sport england
- UK deaf sport
- Disability Sport England
- British Blind Sport
How do NGBS achieve equity in sporting opportunities for priority groups
meet gov policies eg. best value and neighbourhood regeneration to access lottery funding
target funding at grass roots and elite
Make facilities more Accessible Affordable Attractive.
Positive campaigns
active participation
employment opportunities not restrictive
role models
