Section 3, participation Flashcards
Which 7 groups of people are most likely to suffer from social exclusion?
Ethnic minority Females Disabled Inner City Youth Elderly Low income (socio-economic)
Define sterotype
Standardised image, shared by members of a social group, where certain behaviour traits are associated with particular types of individuals/groups, usually involving negative images/expectations.
Define Prejudice
Opinion, especially unfavourable, based on inadequate facts, often displaying intolerance/dislike of people
Cost to individual: social exclusion (3)
Higher risk unemployment
Not realising educational potential
Crime and fear of Crime in deprived communities
Cost to tax payer - social exclusion
Income support, housing benefit
School exclusions
Cost to ecomomy - social exclusion
Lack of skilled workers = productivity gap between UK and international competitors
Lack of customers= low income, reduces nations spending power
Define social mobiltiy
the movement of individuals up or down the social class structure
What is the National Strategy for Neighbourhood Renewal?
Government plan to: build socially inclusive communities by:
Local authorities have to remit to lower wordlessness, crime, improve skills, health and housing to narrow gap between most deprived areas and rest of country
Define stacking
the disproportionate concentration of ethnic minorities in certain positions in a sports team based on the stereotype that they are more valued for their physical skills than decision making qualities
Eg. black players in outfield positions
What is Grusky’s theory of centrality
Stacking restricts ethnic minority groups from more central positions, which are based on coordinative tasks, requiring decision making and social interaction
Define labelling
The way in which agents of social control, eg. teachers, attach stigmatising stereotypes to particular groups of people. Can have a self-fulfilling prophecy.
Define channeling
Teachers channel children from ethnic minority groups into certain sports they think they are most likely to succeed in. Or, channelling them into sport rather than academics.
7 solutions to low participation from ethnic minorities
Campaigns eg. kick it out football
Media coverage to raise awareness and role models
People from ethnic minorities in local communities to be trained as sports leaders and sports development officers
Clubs supported, integration not forced
Information available about sports provision in local area
Policy planning, race relation advisors and customer care
Sport policies sensitive and respectful for other cultures
What does kick it out football do
Challenge racism
supported and funded by NGBs
Why lower female participation
Domestic role
Social stereotyping - less positive as characteristics masculine
Preserve of males - established and controlled originally
Less media coverage, fewer role models
Tradition- women earn less money and occupy fewer positions of power in society and workplace, so less in sporting institutions where decisions made
unequal opportunities; less facilities and variety of activities. less coaches, club access, childcare.
