section 3 - Afghanistan CS

Question 1

conflict within Afghanistan

Answer 1

• political instability - Taliban control 90% of country prior to 2001, after USA involvement mainly sources in S
• 2014 - NATO-led combat troops completed their mission, 10,000 troops remained to negotiate peace
• 2016 - Taliban init they won’t stop until all foreign troops left

Question 2

Afghanistan’s situation

Answer 2

• high IMR 117/1000
• 6% women received secondary education
• 65% of 30M people live on less than $2 per day
• employment structure: agri 80%, industry 10% services 10%

Question 3

renewed insurgency led to further decline of which human rights

Answer 3

• right to life - increased civilian and Afghan security forces casualties
• the right to access - domestic violence and inequality to access of employment health services and education
• right to a democracy - disruption of 2014 election
• right to speech - attacks on journalists and freedom of expression
• no torture - kidnapping, detentions and torture
• right to food - food insecurity fuelled by poppy cultivation, heroin production and drug trade

Question 4

who is responsible for contributions and intervention on a global scale to combat conflict?

Answer 4

UN

- 2002 = UN Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) to achieve sustainable peace and development

Question 5

aims of the UN’s intervention

Answer 5

aims:

• promote respect for international humanitarian and human right laws
• co-ordinate the efforts of all organisations and communities to ensure protection
• promote accountability
• implement freedoms and human rights provisions
• achieve full enjoyment of their rights for women, displaced persons and return refugees

Question 6

who is responsible for contributions and interventions on a national scale to combat the conflict?

Answer 6

Afghan Government

Question 7

attempts of the Afghan government to combat conflict?

Answer 7

• joined economic cooperation organisation and the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation to promote economic growth
• passed laws: the elimination of violence against women 2009, law to remove quota on women in parliament

Question 8

who is responsible for contributions and interventions on a local scale to combat the conflict?

Answer 8

NGOs:
Afghan Aid
- involved in sustainable rural development strategies
- coordinates with UN and Afghan Gov

Action Aid, CARE International, the international rescue committee and Red Cross

Question 9

attempts of Afghan Aid to combat against conflict?

Answer 9

• built roads and bridges = 15,000+ displaced benefited
• added 532 solar water pumps
• built 27 new schools and run 580 literacy training courses for women
• 14,000 marginalised women the training, support, and equipment they needed to set up home-based businesses
• 75% increased food security
• 95% daughters can attend school because of mothers income

Question 10

Afghanistan’s situation

Answer 10

• high IMR 117/1000
• 6% women received secondary education
• 65% of 30M people live on less than $2 per day
• employment structure: agri 80%, industry 10% services 10%

Question 11

consequences of global governance of human. rights for rural and urban communities

Answer 11

• rural project in the Chaghcharan district, Ghor

- urban neighbourhood projects in Kabul

Question 12

the Chaghcharan district, Ghor

Answer 12

• most geographically and politically inhospitable region
• poverty in district led to families having to sell assets
• basic rights neglected by effects of conflict: no access to anything and serious gender inequality

Question 13

rural projects in the Chaghcharan district, Ghor

Answer 13

• EU funding and Afghan aid training introduced more effective agricultural practices, reduced risk of disease by securing safe water supplies and improved hygiene
• local people now have greater freedom, women are more intreated in society and local democratic practices strengthened by election go community groups

Question 14

urban neighbourhood projects in Kabul players

Answer 14

UN Habitat co-ordinating: 
-  Afghan government
- community councils
- funding for Japanese government 
to upgrade neighbourhoods in the 33 provincial capitals and Kabul

Question 15

urban neighbourhood projects in Kabul

Answer 15

CDC are locally elected mixed gender and then plans are submitted for area renewal
most plans include: upgrading housing, infrastructure, electricity, sanitation, school and health care
- improvements: engagement of women in the projects, employment opportunities, security of land tenure etc

Question 15

consequences of global governance of human rights for local communities

Answer 15

• Afghan gov supported by international organisations to engage in local community projects
• residents are elected and form their own plans and priories for the areas in which they live
• 2014 - 6M children were attending school and nearly 40% of these girls under control of Taliban, access to primary health care increased over 50% of pop, MMR 1/2 by 2001 and avg life expectancy from 55 to 61