section 1 - 1A - human rights norms

Question 1

what are human rights

Answer 1

• basic rights and freedoms to which all human beings are entitled put in place to protect everyone equally without discrimination

Question 2

when did the UN general assembly document human rights

Answer 2

1948

Question 3

examples of humans rights

Answer 3

• no torture
• access to water and food
• right to life
• freedom of speech
• right to leisure
• right to legal representation
• right to be innocent until proven guilty, right to a fair trial

Question 4

how many human rights are there

Answer 4

30

Question 5

globalisation effects on human rights

Answer 5

• enhanced the ability of civil society to work across borders and to promote human rights
• enabled organisations to gain power and perpetrate violations

Question 6

what does the term human rights norms mean?

Answer 6

• human rights norms represent ways of living that have been inculcated into the culture of a country or area over long periods of time
• foundations of human rights, universally accepted behaviour
• set out in the universal declaration of human rights (UDHR)
• Non binding resolution, human rights are protected by international law

Question 7

international treaties

Answer 7

• international human right laws sets out the obligations of state governments
• by signing international treaties = duty to respect, protect and fulfil human rights
• the UN convention on the Rights of the child UNCRC signed worldwide - explains how children should be viewed and treated

Question 8

despite UNCRC still varying IMR globally

Answer 8

2013:

• Mali: 107/1000
• chad 92/1000
• UK: 5/1000

Question 9

intervention

Answer 9

includes the use of military force by a state or group of states in foreign territory to end violations of human rights
- specifically humanitarian intervention

Question 10

intervention by the UN

Answer 10

• peacekeeping, political and peace building missions
• UN security council establishes a mandate and drawn from a wide range of member states
• military presence helps protect citizens from human rights abuse
• no force expect in self-defence
• co-ordinates input of organisations and agencies

Question 11

which organisations does the UN co-ordinate

Answer 11

• regional organisations: NATO, OSCE and ASEAN
• non-governmental organisations: Red Cross ICRC and Oxfam
• public-private partnerships: Gavi Alliance

Question 12

military intervention as controversial

Answer 12

• effective in stopping violations = short term relief and benefit
• unintended impacts: injury and death of civilians, loss of homes, and population displacement, increase of HR abuse

Question 13

global governance as intervention

Answer 13

involve direct physical intervention and application of growing number of human rights norms, laws and treaties

Question 14

what makes intervention effective

Answer 14

interaction and co-ordination on all scales

Question 15

geopolitics

Answer 15

the global balance of political power and international relations

Question 16

how are political and economic power interlinked

Answer 16

relative wealth and international trade strength of nations and groups of nations

Question 17

geopolitical transitions

Answer 17

• geopolitical power shifting
• differences between an AC, EDC and LIDC
• supranational political and economic organisations extorting influence than individual member state: UN, EU, ASEAN & OPEC

Question 18

geopolitical intervention of human rights is reliant on understanding what?

Answer 18

• political composition of the groups of countries and organisations involved in intervention
• nature of intervention
• reasons behind intervention
• characteristic of country and who’s effected
• consequences of intervention/ global governance
• complexity of human rights

Question 19

role of ideas in geopolitics

Answer 19

Exchange of ideas and information at planning stages and during operation

Important for effective intervention
Talking to experts where HR are abused promotes ideas and values
Ex - amnesty, NGO

international organisations at conferences share ideas, info etc

Question 20

role of technology in geopolitics

Answer 20

Social media increasingly help the flow of ideas and information in intervention process

ICT use - internet, mobile phones = communication

Remote sensing - satellite imagery and unmanned aircraft = surveillance in areas too inaccessible to dangerous areas

Question 21

role of intervention in geopolitics

Answer 21

Flows of people and money affected areas require aid workers

NGO staff and uniformed personnel for peacekeeping, NATO

Funds supporting these operations, $Ms provided by member states - USA

Current UN has over 4500 uniformed personnel and access to increase $500M donated from 51 countries