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CPT > Section 3 > Flashcards

Section 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What’s actions occur in the Sagittal Plane?

A

Flexion, Extension, Dorsiflexion, and Plantar Flexion

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2
Q

What’s actions occur in the Frontal Plane?

A

Abduction, Adduction, Elevation, Depression, Inversion, and Eversion

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3
Q

What actions occur in the Transverse Plane?

A

Rotation, Pronation, Supination, Horizontal Flexion, and Horizontal Extension

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4
Q

What actions are Multiplanar?

A

Circumduction and Opposition

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5
Q

What is Skeletal Muscle?

A

Muscle tissue that is considered voluntary. (Striated muscle)

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6
Q

What is Smooth Muscle?

A

Muscle tissue fold in walls of organs and tubes in the body. Considered involuntary.

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7
Q

What is Cardiac Muscle?

A

Forms walls of the heart, functions to maintain pumping of the heart. Involuntary muscle. (Striated)

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8
Q

Describe a Closed Kinetic Chain Exercise

A

An exercise where the end farthest away from the body is fixed. Usually involves more muscles and joint.
(Feet in a squat)

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9
Q

Describe an Open Kinetic Chain Exercise

A

A movement when the end farthest from the body is free.
(Seated leg extension)

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10
Q

Describe Wolf’s Law

A

When skeleton is subjected to stressful force, it reacts by creating more bone tissue which increases its density.

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11
Q

Describe Myofibillar Hypertrophy

A

Increase number of myofibrils (contractile protein) in the muscle cell as a response to training, resulting in greater muscle contraction force.

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12
Q

What is Sarcoplasmic Hypertrophy

A

Increase sarcoplasm in the muscle cell from training, increasing the cross-sectional area and size of the muscle.

Related to transient hypertrophy (muscle pump).

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13
Q

What is Cardiac Output

A

Product of heart rate and stroke volume, or quantity of blood pumped per heartbeat.

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14
Q

What is the average RHR

A

60-70 bpm

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15
Q

What is the formula for BMI

A

Weight (Ib) / Height Squared (in) x 703

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16
Q

What is the normal blood pressure numbers

A

Normal: <120/<80
Stage 1 (Hypertension): 130-139/80-89

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17
Q

What is the most used method to estimate body fat

A

Skinfold Measurements

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18
Q

What body fat % and waist circumference can you expect to lose in 2-3 months

A

Body Fat %: 2.7-5.9%
Waist Circumference: 1.9-3.3 cm

19
Q

What are the BMI classifications

A

Normal: 18.5-24.9
Obesity: 30.0-34.9

20
Q

What is Arteriosclerosis

A

Narrowing and hardening of arteries due to plaque accumulation (common in elderly) and decreases arteries ability to expand.

21
Q

What is the Cardiac Cycle

A

The time between the start of one heartbeat to the start of another.

22
Q

What are the general training volumes for someone training are strength

A

2-6 set x 3-6 reps, +85% 1RM with 2-5 mins rest intervals

23
Q

What the primary muscles and functions of the ankle & foot

A

Anterior tibialis: Dorsiflexion at the ankle, inversion at the foot

Gastrocnemius: Plantar flexion at the ankle, eversion at the foot

24
Q

What the primary muscles and functions of the knee

A

Rectus femoris: Extension

Biceps femoris: Flexion & external rotation

25
What the primary muscles and functions of the **hip**
**Gluteus maximus**: Extension & external rotation; Superior fibers: abduction **Biceps femoris**: Extension, abduction, and slight external rotation
26
What the primary muscles and functions of the **spine**
**Rectus abdominis**: Flexion & lateral flexion of the trunk **Erector spinae**: Extension (both sides) and lateral flexion
27
What the primary muscles and functions of the **shoulder girdle**
**Trapezius**: Upper; Upward rotation and elevation of the scapula Middle; Upward rotation and adduction of the scapula Lower; Depression if scapula **Rhomboid major & minor**: Adduction, downward rotation, and elevation of the scapula
28
What the primary muscles and functions of the **shoulder**
**Pectoralis major**: Flexion, extension, adduction, internal rotation, and horizontal adduction **Deltoid**: Entire muscle; Abduction Anterior fibers; Flexion, internal rotation, horizontal rotation Posterior fibers; External rotation and horizontal abduction **Latissimus dorsi**: Extension, adduction, horizontal abduction, and internal rotation
29
What the primary muscles and functions of the **elbow & radioulnar joints**
**Biceps brachii**: Flexion at elbow; Supination at forearm **Triceps brachii**: Extension at elbow; Arm extension (long head)
30
What the primary muscles and functions of the **waist**
**Flexor carpi radialis**: Flexion
31
Describe the **Cardiovascular System** and it’s main role/functions
Closed circuit system involving the heart, blood vessels, and blood. Moving blood to the heart to deliver oxygen and nutrients to the tissues while removing the waste. As oxygen is being provided to active cells carbs and fatty acids convert to ATP to fuel activities. (Temperature regulation and acid base balance)
32
Describe the **Respiratory System** and it’s main role/functions
Makes it possible for the body to exchange gases between the environment and the tissues, replaces oxygen and removes Carson dioxide form the blood.
33
Describe the **Skeletal System** and it’s main role/functions
Active living tissue needed for structural support, movement, organ protection, storage, & formation of blood cells. Support soft tissue and provide attachment sites for most muscles. *Axial Skeleton*: Provide main axial support for the body & protect CNS. *Appendicular Skeleton*: Bone of upper and lower limbs, as well as shoulders/pelvic.
34
Describe the **Nervous System** and it’s main role/functions
Collect info, analyze said info, and make an appropriate response to fulfill specific needs. *CNS*: Brain and spinal cord, Receive sensory input and make a response (Control Center) *PNS*: Made up of pairs of nerves that branch from brain/spine. Sensory and Motor
35
Describe the **Muscular System** and it’s main role/functions
Many different parts with different functions. All muscle tissue have the ability to contract and develop tension. 3 types of muscle tissue *Skeletal*: *Smooth*: *Cardiac*:
36
Explain the oxygen carrying capacity and why it’s important
37
What are the 3 main types of joints
**Fibrous**: **Cartilaginous**: **Synovial**:
38
What are the **Anatomical Directions**
**Superior**: Toward the head **Inferior**: Away from the head or lower **Anterior**: Front of body **Posterior**: Back of body **Medial**: Toward midline of body **Lateral**: Away from midline of body **Proximal**: Nearest the trunk or point of origin **Distal**: Farthest from the trunk or point of origin
39
Describe **agonist & antagonist**
**Agonist**: Prime mover muscle that does most of the work in an exercise. Synergistic muscles assist agonist with movement **Antagonist**: Muscle that opposes the agonist. Shut off do to reciprocal inhibition
40
Describe **diuretics**
Helps the kidneys remove water & salt from body through urine. Could increase dehydration and decrease blood pressure
41
Muscles that are tight in clients with **anterior pelvic tilt**
Tight: Hip flexors and Erector spinae Lengthened: Hamstrings & Rectus abdominis (Order switch for clients with **posterior pelvic tilt**)
42
Muscles that are tight in clients with **lordosis posture**
Tight: Hip flexors & Lumbar extensor Lengthened: Hip extensors, External obliques & Rectus abdominis
43
Muscle that are tight in clients with **kyphosis posture**
Tight: Anterior chest/shoulders, Latissimus dorsi & Neck extensors Lengthened: Upper back extensors, Scapular stabilizers & Neck flexors
44
Waist circumference that puts you at risk
Men: Low; 31.2-38.6 in High; 39-46.8 in Women: Low; 27.3-34.7 in High; 35.1-42.5 in

CPT (4 decks)

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