Section 3

Question 1

What were Jesuits?

Answer 1

Catholic priests who were specially trained to convert people back to Catholicism

Question 2

Jesuits arrival in 1580s

Answer 2

Trained in special seminaries in Catholic countries
Italy, France, Spain
Mission to convert people back to Catholicism

Question 3

Leader of Jesuits in England

Answer 3

Edmund Campion
Hid along with 100 other jesuits in priests holes

Question 4

Francis Walsingham spy network

Answer 4

Hd hundreds of agents tracking down jesuits and Catholic plotters
Employed priest hunters to catch Catholic priests
Edmund campion caught in by Walsingham’s agents and was hung, drawn and quartered

Question 5

Catholic Plots: Background

Answer 5

Catholic attempts to replace Elizabeth with Mary Queen of Scots

Question 6

Throckmorton Plot:1583

Answer 6

A young Catholic noble, Babington plotted with the French to invade England and put Mary on the throne
Supported by Philip of Spain and the Pope
Walsingham’s spies discovered the plot
Elizabeth refused to execute Mary

Question 7

Babington Plot:1586

Answer 7

Plotted with Philip of Spain and France in hope to put Mary on the throne
Communicated with Mary by hiding coded letters in beer barrels that went into Mary’s prison
Walsinghma discovered the system and waited until there was proof of Mary’s involvement

Question 8

Execution of Mary Queen of Scots 1587

Answer 8

Cecil and Walsingham manipulated Elizabeth into signing Mary’s death warrant
Mary was beheaded
Elizabeth was furious and did not talk to Cecil for a year

Question 9

Mary Queen of Scots: Background

Answer 9

Mary was Elizabeth’s Catholic cousin
Mary had been forced to flee from a Protestant rebellion in Scotland
Since 1568, Mary had been imprisoned in England

Question 10

Mary’s threat in England

Answer 10

Mary had a strong claim to the throne- Henry VIII great-niece and Elizabeth’s cousin
Many people believed Mary had a more legitimate claim to the throne than Elizabeth
Mary had an heir unlike Elizabeth

Question 11

Mary’s importance in the Catholic faith

Answer 11

Until Elizabeth had an heir Mary was next inline to the throne
Encouraged Catholics to rebel and plot against Elizabeth

Question 12

Overseas support of Mary

Answer 12

Philip of Spain, the French, and the Pope plotted with English Catholics to put Mary on the throne

Question 13

Reasons for Elizabeth opposing Mary’s execution

Answer 13

Mary was her cousin
Elizabeth did not want to execute a fellow Queen

Question 14

Spanish Armada background

Answer 14

In the 1580s, an Anglo-Spanish war broke out, leading to the launch of the Spanish Armada in 1588

Question 15

Causes of rivalry between England and Spain

Answer 15

Elizabeth had refused to marry Philip of Spain at the beginning of her reign
English explorers such as Francis Drake had stole gold from Spanish treasure ships. Elizabeth knighted Drake
Philip supported Catholic plots against Elizabeth
Elizabeth agreed to send 7,000 soldiers to the Netherlands to support Protestant rebels against Philips’s army- 1585
Execution of Mary Queen of Scots angered Philip

Question 16

Spanish Armanda

Answer 16

Invasion fleet of 130 ships
Armada planned to pick up 20,000 Spanish soldiers before invading England
Armada never landed in England and only 80 ships made it back to Spain

Question 17

Reasons for Armada failing

Answer 17

The leader of the Armada, Duke of Medina Sidonia had no experience of sailing and got sea sick
The Spanish Army was a week late, leaving the Armada vulnerable to attack

Question 18

English strengths during the Spanish Armada

Answer 18

The English used firehsips to break the Armada’s crescent formation
English ships were smaller and manoeuvrable

Question 19

Effects of weather: Spanish Armada

Answer 19

The Armada was driven North due to a storm and forced to return to Spain via Scotland and Ireland
Over 40 Spanish ships were shipwrecked off Scotland and Ireland
Philip sent two more Armada to England in 1590s but both were wrecked y storm

Question 20

Weakness of the Armada

Answer 20

Leader was chosen for political reasons
Soldiers weren’t ready in the Netherlands

Question 21

Who was Francis Wallsingham

Answer 21

Part of Elizabeth’s privy council
Controlled parliament

Question 22

Ridolfi Plot

Answer 22

A plot against Elizabeth in 1571
Ridolfi was an Italian banker who lived in England
Wanted to kill Elizabeth, start a Spanish invasion
Make Mary marry Duke of Norfolk