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Elizabethan Period > Section 1 > Flashcards

Section 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Who was the Head of the Catholic Church

A

The Pope

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2
Q

Head of the Protestant Church

A

The Monarch

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3
Q

Head of Puritan Church

A

No Head of Church

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4
Q

Who should run the Catholic church

A

Bishops and Archbishops

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5
Q

Who should run the Protestant Church

A

Archbishops and Bishops

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6
Q

Who should run Puritan Church

A

Elected committees

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7
Q

Language of the Bible:Catholics

A

Latin

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8
Q

Language of the Bible:Protestants

A

English

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9
Q

Language of Bible:Puritans

A

English

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10
Q

Decoration of Churches:Catholics

A

Highly decorated
Gold ornaments
Stained glass windows
Statues of saints

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11
Q

Decoration of Protestant Churches

A

Simple
No statues of saints as its immoral

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12
Q

Decoration of Puritan Churches

A

Plain Churches that were focused on prayer

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13
Q

Should Priests wear vestments?

A

Catholic- Yes, they would be very colourful with stiching
Protestant- Would wear simple clothing
Puritan-Simple clothing

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14
Q

What got you into heaven?

A

Catholics-Good work
Protestant and Puritan-Belief in God

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15
Q

Religious division in England

A

England was divided by religion: Elizabeth was Protestant but disliked the extremism of Puritans
Most English people- especially the poor who lived in rural areas like the North and West were very Catholic-possible rebellion if Elizabeth banned Catholic beliefs
Protestants and Puritans in powerful positions like MPs and privy councillors-put pressure on Elizabeth to make England more protestant

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16
Q

Religious divide in Europe

A

Spain and France were strongly Catholic and threatened invasion if Elizabeth didn’t convert to Catholicism
Spain and France were the two European superpowers
Protestants in The Netherlands needed support off Elizabeth

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17
Q

Religious Settlement

A

As Queen, Elizabeth had to decide which laws the English and to follow
1559-Settlement had both Protestant and Catholic features
Religious Settlement was known as the Middle way. Everyone was expected to attend Church every Sunday
Those who didn’t were fined- recusants

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18
Q

Enforcement of Religious Settlement

A

Limited opposition before 1580
Most Catholics had loyalty to the Pope but attended Protestant Church services: Church papists
Elizabeth was tolerant of Catholics

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19
Q

Threat from Catholics 1580-

A

The Pope stated that it would not be a sin to kill Elizabeth, therefore threat of assassination increased
Catholics began to plot to make Mary Queen of Scots Queen
Philip of Spain planned an invasion of England

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20
Q

Elizabeth’s response to Catholic opposition

A

Fine for recusancy increased by 10,000% to £20 (1581)
Death penalty for anyone sheltering a Catholic priest (1585)
Catholics were banned from travelling more than 5 miles from their home (1593)

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21
Q

Catholic resistance

A

Opposition continued after Elizabethan era- Gunpowder plot 1605
Attempted assassination of James I

22
Q

Elizabeth I background

A

Elizabeth was part of the Tudor Family
Henry VIII:Father Henry VII- Grandfather
Younger brother and sister ruled as monarchs but neither had a heir
Elizabeth took the throne after Marys death in 1558
Some believe Elizabeth had an illegitimate claim to the throne
Mother was Anne Boleyn- Henry VIII second wife
Gender caused issues
16th century was a patriarchal society
Belief that female monarchs could not lead armies and would do whatever their husbands asked

23
Q

Debt

A

Inherited a debt of £300,000
Raised taxes in order ton pay off debt
Needed to take out new loans to raise an army and navy

24
Q

Religious belief in Tudor England

A

In the Reformation, protestants challenged old Catholic beliefs
Puritans were extreme Protestants who wanted to take the Reformation even further

25
Problems Elizabeth faced
Religious divisions Patriarchal society- her gender Invasions Opposition
26
Number of Catholics
3 million Catholics in England by 1588 By 1603 there was 40,000
27
Babington Plot
Plan to assassinate Elizabeth and put Mary on the throne Long term plan was for Spain to invade England Plot was discovered by Elizabeth's spy master Sir Francis Walsingham Anthony Babington was a young recusant Secret letters discovered between Mary and Babington- enough evidence to execute Mary
28
Throckmorton Plot
Planned to free Mary and out her on the throne instead Plan for France to invade England Paid for by Pope and King Philip II of Spain
29
Ridolfi Plot
Robert Ridolfi attempted to arrange a marriage between Mary and the Duke of Norfolk- a Catholic noble who was Elizabeth's cousin Help from Spain in hope to overthrow Elizabeth and return England back to Catholicism Plot led to the execution of the Duke of Norfolk
30
Elizabeth's response to Throckmorton Plot
Throckmorton was executed and Mary was moved to Tutbury Castle were she was not allowed any visitors
31
Response to Babington Plot
Execution of Mary, Babington and six other plotters
32
Response to Ridolfi Plot
Ridolfi and Spanish ambassador were arrested and expelled from the country Duke of Norfolk executed
33
Regional problems
The further away from London an area was the more likely it was to be rebellious North East was very Catholic and did not welcome a Protestant Queen North East- history of rebellion (regional rebellion when Henry closed monasteries 1536)
34
Problems with gender
Other powerful countries would try and exploit the situation of Elizabeth being unmarried Believed a woman could not physically lead an army into battle Had her authority questioned
35
Problems of poverty
Poverty and been growing in England throughout the 16th century Asked Elizabeth for answers to prevent it- out of her control Harvest failures If poor became unhappy then higher chance of rebellion and disruption
36
Problems with religion:Catholics
The Pope had huge wealth and was leader of Catholic faith Spain and France were richest countries in the world-Catholic Did not like the idea of a Protestant country nearby Most of world's superpowers were Catholic
37
Differences between Catholics and Protestants
Both are Christian Both believe in Jesus being the son of God Same God Protestantism started as a protest against some methods of the Catholic Church
38
Catholic
Christians who follow the leadership of the Pope Believe in the Eucharist (bread and wine)
39
Protestant
A group who split from the Catholic Church in protest Faith should be more simple Believe in the eucharist
40
Puritan
A very strict kind of Protestant Believe there should be a more pure version of religious worship
41
Papacy
The office of the Pope and his authority
42
Act of Uniformity 1559
All worship should be the same Attend Church Follow Book of Common prayer in English Had to pay a fine if not attended
43
Act of Supremacy 1559
Elizabeth was the supreme governor of the Church of England House of Lords didn't want her to be called the supreme head because of her gender- Her father was allowed the title
44
Act of Persuasion 1581
Passed by parliament- those who didn't attend church would be fined Raised to £20 Those who didn't pay could be jailed for 3 months Only wealthy Catholics could afford the fine
45
Symbols of Elizabeth's strength in portraits
Tudor rose and crowns to represent Elizabeth's rightful rule White clothing and pearls- purity Thornless rose- strength Ermine (animal that Tudors believed would commit to death rather than dirty their people) showed self sacrifice Globe and fan with exotic feathers would represent England's power overseas.
46
Recusants
Refused to attend Elizabeth's Church services Had to pay fines
47
1587 Recusants Act
2/3 of land owned by recusants was taken Poorer Catholics suffered more Rich Catholics forced into debt
48
Book of Common Prayer
Required to be used in all English churches Some changes made to apply to traditionalistic religionists
49
What year did Elizabeth become Queen?
1558
50
Rebellion of Northern Earls 1569
Catholic Earls in Northumberland plotted to put Mary on the throne Gathered an army of 6000 soldiers in attempt to return England to Catholicism

Elizabethan Period (6 decks)

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