Section 3

Question 1

Parents actively reinforce ___ in boys and ___ in girls

Answer 1

independence; dependency

Question 2

Seven-week old LaDonna breaks into a broad grin at the sight of her father’s face. LaDonna is displaying

Answer 2

a social smile

Question 3

Dean associates certain activities, roles, and traits as being typical for either males or females. His associations conform to cultural stereotypes and encompass many gender-linked responses. This is an example of gender

Answer 3

typing

Question 4

Hobie has developed a set of expectations about the availability of attachment figures, their likelihood of providing support during times of stress, and his interaction with those figures. Hobie has a(n)

Answer 4

an internal working mode of attachment

Question 5

Jorge is slow to accept new experiences, tends to react negatively and intensely, and has irregular daily routines. Based on Thomas and Chess’ research, Jorge’s temperament is classified as

Answer 5

difficult

Question 6

Common fears during school years include

Answer 6

poor academic performance and the possibility of personal harm

Question 7

In __________, the testes produce normal levels of androgens, but androgen receptors in body cells are partially or completely impaired.

Answer 7

androgen insensitivity syndrome

Question 8

When her newborn brother cried, two-year-old Melly watched her mother’s reactions. On a later occasion when her brother cried, Melly patted him and spoke softly to him. This is an example

Answer 8

social referencing

Question 9

Temper tantrums tend to occur because toddlers

Answer 9

cannot control the intense anger that often arises when an adult rejects their demands

Question 10

Long-term prediction from early temperament is best achieved

Answer 10

after 3 yrs of age

Question 11

In the Strange Situation, Marcus is not distressed when his father leaves. He reacts to the stranger in much the same way as to his father. During reunion, Marcus is slow to greet his father. Marcus is displaying characteristics of __________ attachment.

Answer 11

avoidant

Question 12

Self-conscious emotions

Answer 12

involve injury to or enhancement of our sense of self

Question 13

Cross-cultural evidence (Ekman and others) reveals that people around the world

Answer 13

associate photographs of different facial expressions with emotions in the same way

Question 14

Which of the following academic subjects does 9-year-old Sabra most likely view as “feminine”?

Answer 14

reading

Question 15

Which of the following traits is considered expressive (associated with feminine gender stereotypes)?

Answer 15

excitable in a major crisis

Question 16

Which of the following children would be judged most harshly by other children?

Answer 16

Roger, who likes to play with dolls