Families

Question 1

What does it mean when we say the family is dynamic and what is reciprocal socialization.

Answer 1

Dynamic family = interrelationships between and among individual family members

Reciprocal socialization = parents both influence and socialize their children and the children both influence and socialize the parent

Question 2

Know the material on Baumrind’s parenting styles well

Answer 2

Authoritative [warm, supportive, accountability stressed]
- high in acceptance & involvement
- adaptive control & appropriate autonomy
Spending time with them
You accept your child
Listen to their opinions
Expect them to behave

Authoritarian [restrictive, punitive]
- low acceptance & involvement
- high control & low autonomy
“Do it because I said so”

Permissive [child sets rules, no controls]
- high acceptance & too low/high involvement
- low control & high autonomy
Seen in Walmart and Golden Corral
Kid puts hot sauce on the principal
Children out of control

Uninvolved [neglectful, no control/norms]
- low acceptance & involvement
- low control & indifference autonomy
Low self esteem
Teen pregnancy
Depression
Drop out of school

Question 3

What makes authoritative parenting more effective, and cultural/racial differences in parenting styles

Answer 3

Making children’s competence correlated.
- predicts maturity and adjustment

Positive emotional context
- affection
- appropriate control
- respect for self-determination

Question 4

Know the material over being an only child

Answer 4

Only child = advantaged
- Higher self-esteem & motivation
- Do better in school
- Attain higher levels of education than children with siblings
Closer relationships with parents
Less accepted in their peers groups
China’s one-child policy

Question 5

Know the material over birth order

Answer 5

Birth order = first borns
- More adult oriented, helpful, conforming, achieving, conscientious, and self-controlled
- Parent has a lot of expectations for the child, more demands are placed on them
- Positive qualities develop in these individuals

Question 6

Know the material over single parenthood

Answer 6

Single parenthood = one parent raising a child without the father
- Dramatic increase
Young African-American women most likely to postpone marriage
Poverty
Poor child outcomes
Strengthen social support, education, employment for low-SES women w/children

Question 7

Know the material over gay/lesbian families

Answer 7

Gay/lesbian families = same gender
- Growing numbers
Mental health
Peer relations
Gender identity
Sexual orientation
Develop more empathy & tolerance

Question 8

Know the material over divorce/blended families

Answer 8

Divorce/blended families = two parents raising their child separately
most children who has parents divorce doesn’t need to go to therapy

Mother-Stepfather
- Most common
- Boys > adjust quickly
- Girls > adapt less favorably
- Older children/adolescents > more problems

Father-Stepmother
- Reduced father–child contact
- Children in fathers custody > react negatively
- Girls/stepmothers > slowly getting along > more positive interaction later