Section 24 Cryptography

Question 1

The practice and study of writing and solving codes in order to hide the true meaning of information.

Answer 1

Cryptography

Question 2

Process of converting ordinary information (plaintext) into an unintelligible form (ciphertext).

Answer 2

Encryption

Question 3

Inactive data that is archived, such as data resident on a hard disk drive.

Answer 3

Data at Rest

Question 4

Data crossing the network or data that resides in a computer’s memory.

Answer 4

Data in Transit

Question 5

Data that is undergoing constant change.

Answer 5

Data in Use

Question 6

The essential piece of information that determines the output of a cipher.

Answer 6

Key

Question 7

Encryption algorithm in which both the sender and the receiver must know the same secret using a privately held key.

Answer 7

Symmetric Encryption (Private Key)

Question 8

Encryption algorithm where different keys are used to encrypt and decrypt the data.

Answer 8

Asymmetric Encryption (Public Key)

Question 9

Utilizes asymmetric encryption to securely transfer a private key that can then be used with symmetric encryption.

Answer 9

Hybrid Implementation

Question 10

Utilizes a keystream generator to encrypt data bit by using a mathematical XOR function to create the ciphertext.

Answer 10

Stream Cipher

Question 11

Breaks the input into fixed length blocks of data and performs the encryption on each block.

Answer 11

Block Cipher

Question 12

Encryption algorithm which breaks the input into 64 bit blocks and uses transportation and substitution to create ciphertext using an effective key strength of only 56 bits.

Answer 12

Data Encryption Standard (DES)

Question 13

Encryption algorithm which sues three separate symmetric keys to encrypt, symmetric keys to encrypt, decrypt, then encrypt the plaintext into ciphertext in order to increase the strength of DES.

Answer 13

Triple DES (3 DES)

Question 14

Symmetric block cipher which uses 64 bit to encrypt plaintext into ciphertext.

Answer 14

International Data Encryption Algorithm (IDEA)

Question 15

Symmetric block cipher that uses 128 bit, 192 bit, or 256 bit blocks and a matching encryption key size to encrypt plain text into ciphertext.

Answer 15

Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)

Question 16

Symmetric block cipher that uses 64 bit blocks and a variable length encryption key to encrypt plaintext into ciphertext.

Answer 16

Blowfish

Question 17

Symmetric block cipher that replaced blowfish and uses 128 bit blocks and a 128 bit, 192 bit, or 256 bit encryption key to encrypt plaintext into ciphertext.

Answer 17

Twofish

Question 18

Symmetric stream cipher using a variable key size from 40 bits to 2048 bits that is used in SSL and WEP.

Answer 18

Rivest Cipher (RC 4)

Question 19

Symmetric block cipher with a key sizes up to 2048 bits.

Answer 19

Rivest Cipher (RC 5)

Question 20

Symmetric block cipher that was introduced as a replacement for DES but AES was chosen instead.

Answer 20

Rivest Cipher (RC 6)

Question 21

1. Confidentiality
2. Authentication
3. Integrity
4. Non-Repudiation

Answer 21

Public Key Cryptography Provides

Question 22

A hash digest of a message encrypted with the senders private key to let the recipient know the document was created and sent by the person claiming to have sent it.

Answer 22

Digital Signature

Question 23

Used to conduct key exchanges and secure key distribution over an unsecured network.

Answer 23

Diffie-Hellman (DH)

Question 24

Asymmetric algorithm that relies on the mathematical difficulty of factoring large prime numbers.

Answer 24

RSA (Rivest, Shamir, and Adleman)

Question 25

Algorithm that is based upon the algebraic structure of elliptic curves over finite fields to define the keys.

Answer 25

Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC)

Question 26

An encryption program used for signing, encrypting, and decrypting emails.

Answer 26

Pretty Good Privacy (PGP)

Question 27

A newer and updated version of the PGP encryption suite that uses AES for it’s symmetric encryption functions.

Answer 27

GNU Privacy Guard (GPG)

Question 28

Refers to how an organizations will generate, exchange, store, and use encryption keys.

Answer 28

Key Management

Question 29

A stream cipher that encrypts plaintext information with a secret random key that is the same length as the plaintext input.

Answer 29

One Time Pad

Question 30

A simulated random number stream generated by a computer that is used in cryptography, video games, and more.

Answer 30

Pseudo Random Number Generator (PRNG)

Question 31

The science and art of hiding messages within other messages.

Answer 31

Steganography

Question 32

A shared, immutable ledger for recording transactions, tracking assets and building trust.

Answer 32

Blockchain

Question 33

A record keeping system that maintains participants identities in secure and anonymous form, their respective cryptocurrency balances, and a record book of all the genuine transactions executed between network participants.

Answer 33

Public Ledger

Question 34

A computer that uses quantum mechanics generate and manipulate quantum bits (qubits) in order to access enormous processing powers.

Answer 34

Quantum Computing

Question 35

A communications network that relies on qubits made of photons (lights) to send multiple combinations of ls and Os simultaneously which results in tamper resistant and extremely fast communications.

Answer 35

Quantum Communication

Question 36

A quantum bit compromised of electrons or photons that can represent numerous combinations of ls and Os at the same time through superposition.

Answer 36

Qubit

Question 37

A cryptographic key that is generated for each execution of a key establishment process.

Answer 37

Epherneral

Question 38

An encryption method that allows calculations and be performed on data without decrypting it first.

Answer 38

Homomorphic Encryption