Section 22-4 Flashcards
gymnosperms
seed plants that bear seeds directly on the surface of cones
pines, spruces, palm like plants called cycads
angiosperms
seed plants that bear their seeds within a layer of protective tissue
flowering trees and shrubes
what are three features that allow seed plants to reproduce without water
flowers or cones
transfer of sperm by polination
the protection of embryos in seeds
what are cones and flowers
cones are the gametophytes of seed plants grow and mature within sporophyte structures. flowers are seed bearing structures of angiosperms
why dont the gametophytes or the gametes of seed plants need standing water to function
they dont need water because the gametophyte generation develops within the sporophyte plant
what is pollination
the transfer of pollen from the male reproductive structure to the female reproductive structure
pollen grain
male gametophyte of seed plants
seed
an embryo encased in a protective covering
endosperm
seeds food supply
embryo
early development stage of an organism
seed coat
structure that surrounds and protects the plants embryo
what tissues or structures do seeds have that aid in their dispersal to other habitats
some seed coats are textured to stick to fur or feathers, others are contained in fleshy tissues that are eaten and dispersed by animals
what is the strategy that allows seeds to survive long periods of bitter cold extreme heat, or drought
the embryo can stop growing while it is still small and contained within the seed. it can remain like that for weeks months or even years
how did conditions on earth change during the carboniferous and Devonian period and how did those changes affect plants
during those periods the land was much wetter, trees, ferns, and other seedless plants developed into forests that covered much of the earth but then it became much dryer making it harder for those plants to survive. many mosses and ferns become extinct.
what link do seed ferns represent in the fossil record
seed fern fossils document several evolutionary stages in the development of the seed/ the link between ferns that do not form seeds and seed plants
what adaptations did seed plants have that allowed them to replace spore-bearing plants as continents became drier
they were adapted to dive in dryer conditions
study image
where are the reproductive scales of gnetophytes found
clusterd into cones welwitschina, an in habitat of the nambian desert in south western africa
what do cycads look like
beautifull palm like plants that reproduce with large cones
in what kinds of habitats can cycads be found growing naturally today
tropical and subtropical places such as mexico, west indies, Florida, parts of Asia, Africa and australia
why is the ginkgo tree sometimes called a living fossil
because it looks simliar to its fossil ancestors
what kinds of plants do conifers include
pines, spruces, firs, ceadrs, sequoias, redwoods, junipers and yews
why are the leaves of most conifers long and thin such as pine needles
that shape reduces the surface area from which water can be lost by evaporations
in addition to the shape of the leaves what are two other adaptations that help conifers conserve water
the thick waxy layer that covers the conifers leaves and the opening of leaves that allow for gas exchange
why did conifers never become bare
older needles are gradually replaced by newer needles
how are larches and baldcypresses diffrent from most other conifers
larches and baldcypresses lose their needles every fall
