Section 22-4

Question 1

gymnosperms

Answer 1

seed plants that bear seeds directly on the surface of cones
pines, spruces, palm like plants called cycads

Question 2

angiosperms

Answer 2

seed plants that bear their seeds within a layer of protective tissue
flowering trees and shrubes

Question 3

what are three features that allow seed plants to reproduce without water

Answer 3

flowers or cones
transfer of sperm by polination
the protection of embryos in seeds

Question 4

what are cones and flowers

Answer 4

cones are the gametophytes of seed plants grow and mature within sporophyte structures. flowers are seed bearing structures of angiosperms

Question 5

why dont the gametophytes or the gametes of seed plants need standing water to function

Answer 5

they dont need water because the gametophyte generation develops within the sporophyte plant

Question 6

what is pollination

Answer 6

the transfer of pollen from the male reproductive structure to the female reproductive structure

Question 7

pollen grain

Answer 7

male gametophyte of seed plants

Question 8

seed

Answer 8

an embryo encased in a protective covering

Question 9

endosperm

Answer 9

seeds food supply

Question 10

embryo

Answer 10

early development stage of an organism

Question 11

seed coat

Answer 11

structure that surrounds and protects the plants embryo

Question 12

what tissues or structures do seeds have that aid in their dispersal to other habitats

Answer 12

some seed coats are textured to stick to fur or feathers, others are contained in fleshy tissues that are eaten and dispersed by animals

Question 13

what is the strategy that allows seeds to survive long periods of bitter cold extreme heat, or drought

Answer 13

the embryo can stop growing while it is still small and contained within the seed. it can remain like that for weeks months or even years

Question 14

how did conditions on earth change during the carboniferous and Devonian period and how did those changes affect plants

Answer 14

during those periods the land was much wetter, trees, ferns, and other seedless plants developed into forests that covered much of the earth but then it became much dryer making it harder for those plants to survive. many mosses and ferns become extinct.

Question 15

what link do seed ferns represent in the fossil record

Answer 15

seed fern fossils document several evolutionary stages in the development of the seed/ the link between ferns that do not form seeds and seed plants

Question 16

what adaptations did seed plants have that allowed them to replace spore-bearing plants as continents became drier

Answer 16

they were adapted to dive in dryer conditions

Question 17

study image

Question 18

where are the reproductive scales of gnetophytes found

Answer 18

clusterd into cones welwitschina, an in habitat of the nambian desert in south western africa

Question 19

what do cycads look like

Answer 19

beautifull palm like plants that reproduce with large cones

Question 20

in what kinds of habitats can cycads be found growing naturally today

Answer 20

tropical and subtropical places such as mexico, west indies, Florida, parts of Asia, Africa and australia

Question 21

why is the ginkgo tree sometimes called a living fossil

Answer 21

because it looks simliar to its fossil ancestors

Question 22

what kinds of plants do conifers include

Answer 22

pines, spruces, firs, ceadrs, sequoias, redwoods, junipers and yews

Question 23

why are the leaves of most conifers long and thin such as pine needles

Answer 23

that shape reduces the surface area from which water can be lost by evaporations

Question 24

in addition to the shape of the leaves what are two other adaptations that help conifers conserve water

Answer 24

the thick waxy layer that covers the conifers leaves and the opening of leaves that allow for gas exchange

Question 25

why did conifers never become bare

Answer 25

older needles are gradually replaced by newer needles

Question 26

how are larches and baldcypresses diffrent from most other conifers

Answer 26

larches and baldcypresses lose their needles every fall