Section 2 test Flashcards
The protein and fat content of milk are specific to what
the human species
When colostrum is compared to human milk, what is true of immunoglobulins?
Colostrum contains larger amounts of immunoglobulins
What are the four main components of whey protein?
- Lacroferrin
- lysozyme
- alpha-lactalbumin
- immunoglobulins
What is the ratio of whey to casein in mature milk?
60:40
Casein proteins form
a tough, less digestible curd that requires an increased amount of energy to digest
What is the main component of human milk fat?
Triglycerides
What are the most varied compound in human milk?
lipids
Lipase breaks down what?
long-chain fatty acids
Lactose is an osmotic agent that regulates
milk volume
What are the monosaccharides that form the disaccharaide lactose?
glucose and galactose
A lactating woman requires a 30% increase in dietary
carbohydrates
What is the principal immunoglobulin in colostrum and mature milk?
Secretory IgA
What is the predominant intestinal flora of the breast fed infant?
Lactobacillus bifidus
What is lactoferrin?
a bacteriostatic iron-binding protein
What is lysozyme’s function?
bacteriostatic and anti-inflammatory actions
What is SIgA?
an immunoglobulin synthesized and stored in breast tissue
SIgA is highest in what type of milk?
colostrum
After colostrum production ends, what happens to SIgA?
maintains the same level throughout the first year of breastfeeding
High levels of lactose promote absorption of what?
calcium and iron
Amylase is necessary for the digestion of
starch
When compared to mature milk, how much Vitamin A does colostrum contain?
Twice as much vitamin A as mature milk
Pasteurization of human milk will most likely affect what factors?
Antibacterial factors
Compared to human milk, colostrum contains higher concentration of what?
- Sodium
- Chloride
- vitamin A
Vitamin K is necessary for
blood clotting
Vitamin D is essential in the prevention of
rickets
What are examples of atopic diseases?
Exczema
food allergies
What type of lymphocytes are found in human milk?
both T and B
are leukocytes found in pasteurized milk.
No
Infants can receive antibody protection even when
they have not been directly exposed to an antigen.
Lactalbumin is a component of
whey protein
Is lactoferrin present in cow’s milk?
no
What is interferon’s role?
Antiviral
WHO and UNICEF advise breastfeeding of infants up to
1 year of age
A child’s immune system is not fully developed until about age
5
During pregnancy the mother passes antibodies to the fetus through
the placenta
Can leukocytes withstand pasteurization?
no
Alpha-lactalbumin is part of a chemical reaction tha
transforms galactose and glucose to lactose
Fat-soluble vitamins in breastmilk are influenced by
maternal diet
a process that engulfs and absorbs pathogens
phagocytosis
are called cell-mediated immunity
lymphocytes
is a bactericidal
lysozyme
blocks antigens in the urinary and gastrointestinal tracts
oligosaccharide
contributes to the low pH of stools of the breastfed infant
bifidus factor
living white blood cells in human milk that provide active and passive immunity
leukocytes
a bacteriostatic iron-binding protein
lactoferrin
produce lactoferrin, lysozyme, and release SIgA
macrophages
phagocytic leukocytes
neutrophils
discourages the growth of Gram- negative bacteria
Lactobacillus bifidus
kills Streptococcus
lactoperoxidase
the most significant and predominant immunoglobulin in human milk
SIgA
a leukocyte that destroys pathogens by phagocytosis
phagocytes
produce IgA and interferon
lymphocytes
the principal protein in human milk, which forms soft, easily digested curds
whey
stimulates the uptake of glucose into the cells of the mammary gland
insulin
is thought to play a role in the final preparation of the breast for lactogenesis
progesterone
a specific whey protein that is the catalyst for lactose synthesis
lactalbumin
milk proteins are formed from these
amino acids
a disaccharide found only in milk
lactose
an iron-binding whey protein that inhibits growth of iron-dependentbacteria in the infant’s gastrointestinal tract
lactoferrin
an anabolic process that involves only glucose
lactose synthesis
necessary for lactose synthesis
glucose
