Section 1 self test Flashcards
The major carbohydrate in human milk
lactose
A group of secretory cells
acinus
The onset of milk secretion
lactogenesis
a thick, straw-coloured fluid, high in protein, that is secreted from the breast before and after birth
Colostrum
a small sac in which milk is secreted and stored
Alveolus
hormone responsible for the proliferation of the ductal system of the breast during pregnancy
estrogen
Gram-positive intestinal flora found in breastfed babies
Lactobacillus bifidus
produced in the posterior pituitary and stimulates the milk-ejection reflex
oxytocin
a protein found in human milk that inhibits the growth of micro-organisms in the intestinal tract
lactoferrin
responsible for the milk-ejection reflex
myoepithelial cells
transfers milk to the nipple
lactiferous duct
stimulates the uptake of glucose into the mammary cells
insulin
inhibits the production of prolactin
lactogen
does not inhibit established lactation
progesterone
a lactogenic hormone produced in the posterior pituitary
oxytocin
controlled by the hypothalamus and secreted by the anterior pituitary
prolactin
used in the production of lactose
glucose
a disaccharide found only in milk
lactose
involved in the secretion of prolactin during pregnancy
estrogen
true or false
Lactation success is dependent on breast size.
False
True or False
The internal mammary and the lateral thoracic arteries provide the majority of the blood supply to the breast.
true
True or False
Progesterone is the major influence on breast growth during puberty.
false
True or False
Complete development of breast function occurs only in pregnancy.
true
True or False
The increase in estrogen and progesterone levels following the expulsion of the placenta triggers lactogenesis.
false
True or False
Suckling by the infant stimulates a decrease of prolactin.
False
True or False
Milk production is dependent upon the efficient removal of milk from the breast.
True
True or Flase
The anterior pituitary secretes oxytocin, which causes the letdown response
False
(posterior pituitary)
True or False
Prolactin’s influence on breast tissue during pregnancy is toincrease the size of the breast.
true
True or Flase
Women who have flat or inverted nipples cannot breastfeed successfully.
False
What is the function of the Montgomery’s tubercles?
Secrete a lubricating substance for the nipple and areola
Which of the following is not a factor involved in lactogenesis?
- Delivery of the placenta
- Infant suckling the breast
- Elevated estrogen levels
- Elevated prolactin levels
Elevated estrogen levels
Lactogenesis is initiated following delivery by
decrease in estrogen levels and increased serum prolactin level.
Which hormone is responsible for the milk-ejection reflex?
Oxytocin
Prolactin levels are
higher during the night.
Galactopoiesis is dependent upon all of the following except
- the regulation of prolactin and oxytocin by the hypothalamus.
- milk synthesis and milk release into the alveoli.
- increased levels of prolactin as a result of infant suckling.
- control by the endocrine system.
control by the endocrine system.
The milk-ejection reflex is initiated by all of the following except
- stimulation of the neural and endocrine systems.
- tactile receptors in the areola.
- tactile receptors for prolactin and oxytocin in the nipple.
- sensory stimulation of the mother.
- stimulation of the neural and endocrine systems.
Milk production is most dependent upon which of the following factors?
- Adequate maternal nutrition
- Efficient removal of milk from the breast
- The baby suckling at the breast
- High serum oxytocin levels
Efficient removal of milk from the breast
Which of the following does not interfere with the milk-ejection reflex?
- Ice applied to the nipple to make it erect
- Psychological stressors
- Engorgement
- Application of moist heat and breast massage
Application of moist heat and breast massage
What nerve enters the breast on the right side at 10 o’clock?
Intercostal nerve III
What nerve enters the breast on the left side at 2 o’clock?
Intercostal nerve IV
What nerve innervates the nipple?
Intercostal nerves IV and V
