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BF Course > Contraindications in Breastfeeding > Flashcards

Contraindications in Breastfeeding Flashcards

1
Q

What is a breastfeeding contraindication?

A

Any element that could put a mother or her infant at significant risk while breastfeeding

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2
Q

What are the true contraindications in breastfeeding?

A
  • breast cancer
  • HIV/AIDS
  • galactosemia
  • untreated tuberculosis
  • maternal chickenpox
  • herpes (only if in direct contact with an open lesion)
  • some known contraindicated drugs
  • drugs of abuse
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3
Q

What are The most common situations in which mothers are given inappropriate advice to stop breastfeeding?

A
  • during some drug therapies
  • infectious diseases
  • phenylketonuria (PKU)
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4
Q

A mother who has been diagnosed with breast cancer should not breastfeed her infant, because

A

the mother will need to undergo specific treatment for the disease

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5
Q

What factors in breastfeeding can accellerate malignant growths?

A
  • high levels of prolactin
  • sex steroids
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6
Q

Do women who have been breastfed as infants have a higher incidence of getting breast cancer than those who were not breastfed?

A

No

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7
Q

Why do daughters of women who who have breast cancer have an increased risk of developing tumours?

A
  • heredity
  • not their breastfeeding history.
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8
Q

Why have recommendations moved away from HIV positive mothers not breastfeeding their infants?

A

Learning more towards reducing risk in the infant with maternal antiviral treatments and infant prophylaxis

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9
Q

Why does the WHO change its recommendation against HIV-infected women in developing countries breastfeeding?

A
  • the rate of death in the first year of life from diarrhea and pneumonia is often very high
  • exclusive breastfeeding is the feeding method of choice.
  • increasing use of antivirals and recognition of limited access or affordability of alternative milk sources
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10
Q

What is galactosemia?

A

is a congenital metabolic disorder in which there is an inability to metabolize galactose.

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11
Q

galactosemia causes what complications?

A
  • failure to thrive
  • hepatomegaly
  • splenomegaly
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12
Q

Infants with galactosemia must have what type of diet?

A

Galactose-free

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13
Q

Can galactosemia be fatal?

A

Yes, in severe form

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14
Q

Why must babies with galactosemia be weaned from the breast?

A

because human milk is high in lactose

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15
Q

What must babies with galactosemia have instead of breast milk?

A

Special formula

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16
Q

If a mother has been diagnosed with active tuberculosis, she should be treated with

A
  • INH
  • rifampin
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17
Q

How do INH and rifampin interact with breast milk?

A
  • INH is secreted into breastmilk
    • no reports of adverse effects to infants of mothers taking this drug
  • The American Academy of Pediatrics states there are no reported signs or symptoms or effect on lactation from Rifampin (2013).
18
Q

What is rifampin?

A

Antibiotic used to treat TB

19
Q

When a mother is diagnosed with active TB prior to delivery

A

baby and mother must be separated to prevent the infant from contracting the disease

20
Q

When may breastfeeding resume if the mother has active TB?

A
  • When the mother has complied with treatment for 2 or more weeks
  • the infant is receiving INH prophylaxis
21
Q

What is one of the most communicable childhood diseases?

A

Chickenpox

22
Q

When should the mother and infant be isolated separately with maternal chickenpox?

A

When maternal chickenpox occurs immediately postpartum and there are no apparent lesions on the infant

23
Q

When can breastfeeding resume with maternal chickenpox/

A

when it is safe to reunite the mother and baby

24
Q

When are chickenpox antibodies present in the breastmilk?

A

breastmilk within 48 hours following onset of disease

25
Q

Herpes simplex infection in the newborn can be

A

FATAL

26
Q

What is the AAP Committee on Infectious Disease position on perinatal herpes simplex?

A
  • with good hygiene techniques, mother and infant do not need to be separated when the mother has genital lesions
  • Breastfeeding is permitted if there are no lesions on the breast
27
Q

How long must herpes simplex precautions be in place?

A

until the lesions have dried

28
Q

The risk to an infant born vaginally to a mother with active genital herpes is

A

HIGH

29
Q

What is usually done when active herpes genital lesions are present at the time of delivery?

A

C-Section

30
Q

delivery. It is believed that neonatal herpes is not transmitted via the breastmilk, but

A

from direct contact

31
Q

Almost all drugs

A

pass into the breastmilk to some degree

32
Q

When should mothers take prescribed medications?

A

immediately following breastfeeding so that the level of the medication in the breastmilk is low at the time of the next feed.

33
Q

Drugs taken by the mother can be categorized as

A
  • (a) generally contraindicated in breastfeeding
  • (b) not contraindicated but requiring close observation
  • (c) not considered hazardous.
34
Q

Drugs that are generally contraindicated in breastfeeding:

A
  • atropine
  • antineoplastic agents
  • cathartics (excluding senna)
  • iodides
  • mercurials
  • radioactive agents
  • bromides
  • ergot
  • tetracycline
  • phenindione (an anticoagulant)
35
Q

Common drugs not contraindicated but requiring close observation

A
  • corticosteroids
  • diuretics
  • reserpine
  • diazepam
  • nalidixic acid
  • phenytoin sulfonamides
  • barbiturates
  • lithium carbonate
  • salicylates
  • antibiotics
  • chlorpromazine
36
Q

Drugs not considered hazardous:

A
  • insulin
  • epinephrine
  • acetaminophen
  • alcohol (in moderation)
  • caffeine (in moderation)
  • nicotine (in moderation)
37
Q

Breastfeeding women must be aware that any drugs they ingest have the potential to

A

pass into breastmilk

38
Q

Regarding medications, mothers should be encouraged to

A

seek information about any medication they may be taking.

39
Q

The AAP Committee on Drugs has deemed the following drugs of abuse contraindicated in breastfeeding

A
  • amphetamines
  • cocaine
  • heroin
  • marijuana
  • nicotine
  • phencyclidine hydrochlorite (angel dust, PCP).
40
Q

The AAP states that drugs of abuse are not only hazardous to the nursing infant but to

A

the physical and emotional health of the mother

41
Q
A

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