section 2 questions - human nutrition Flashcards
what are the elements in carbohidrates
carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
what are carhohidrates made up of
simple sugars - glucose or maltose
what are proteins made up of
amino acids
what elements do proteins contain
carbon, nitrofen hydrogen, oxygen
what are lipids made up of
3 fatty acids and glycerol
what elements are lipids made up of
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
what is the test for glucose
Benedict’s test - change from blue to brick red
what is the iodine test
starch - change from orange/brown to blue-black
what is the test for proteins
buret test - from blue to pink
what is the test for lipid
emulsion test forms a white layer
what is the function of carbohidrates
provides energy
what is the fiction of lipids
provides energy, acts as an energy store and provides insulation
what is the function of proteins
growth and repeat of tissue
what is vitamin A found in and what is its fuction
liver, helps improve vision and for hair and skin health
what is vitamin C found in and what is the function
citrus fruits to prevent scurvy
what is vitamin D found in and what is the fuction
eggs - calcium absorbtion
what is calcium for
bones and teeth
what is iron used for
to make haemoglobin for healthy blood
what is dietary fibre needed for and what is it found in
wholemeal bread, fruit - aids movement of food through the gut
what does the energy of a person depend on
activity level, age, pregnancy
what is the calculation for the amount of energy in food
energy in food(j) = mass of water (g) x temperature change of water x 4.2
what is the calculation for the amount of energy per gram of food
energy (j/) = energy in food (j) / mass of food (g)
what is the experiment to see how much energy food contains
burning food unerder water - although lots of energy is lost to surroundings, insulating the boiling tube with foil would minimise heat lose and keep more energy in water
what is starch broken down to maltose by
amylast
hat is maltosee to glucose broken down by
maltase
what converts proteins into amino acids
protease
what converts lipids to glycerol and fatty acids
lipase
what are the 2 functions of bile
- neutralise stomach acid
- emulsifies fats - for bigger surface arse for lipase to work to make digestion faster
where is bile produce and stored and released
produces in liver, stored in gall bladder and released into small intestine
how is food moved through the gut
by peristalsis which is waves of circular muscle contractions
what is the alimentary canal
rthe pasage along which food passes through the body during digestion
what is the function of the mouth
- contains salivary glands which produces amylase in the saliva
- teeth brake down food
why does the stomach produce HCl
- to kill bacteria
- optimum temperature for protein to work
give to functions of the stomach
- it pummels food with the muscular walls
- produces the protease enzyme, pepsin
what enzymes do the pancreas contain
protease, amylase and lipase which are released into the small intestine
what is the large intestine for
excess water is absorbed from the food
what is the small intestine for
- production of protease, amylase and lipase to complete digestion
- nutrients absorbed out of alimentary canal into body
- the first part is the duodenum and the last part is the ileum
what does the small intestine contain
villi
how is the small intestine adapted to absorb food
- it is long for time to break down all food
- large SA because of all the villi
- each cells of a villus has own microvilli to increase SA even more
- villi have a single permeable layer of surface cells and a good blood supply to assist quick absorbtion
