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GCSE bio > section 2 questions - human nutrition > Flashcards

section 2 questions - human nutrition Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the elements in carbohidrates

A

carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

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2
Q

what are carhohidrates made up of

A

simple sugars - glucose or maltose

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3
Q

what are proteins made up of

A

amino acids

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4
Q

what elements do proteins contain

A

carbon, nitrofen hydrogen, oxygen

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5
Q

what are lipids made up of

A

3 fatty acids and glycerol

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6
Q

what elements are lipids made up of

A

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

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7
Q

what is the test for glucose

A

Benedict’s test - change from blue to brick red

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8
Q

what is the iodine test

A

starch - change from orange/brown to blue-black

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9
Q

what is the test for proteins

A

buret test - from blue to pink

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10
Q

what is the test for lipid

A

emulsion test forms a white layer

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11
Q

what is the function of carbohidrates

A

provides energy

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12
Q

what is the fiction of lipids

A

provides energy, acts as an energy store and provides insulation

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13
Q

what is the function of proteins

A

growth and repeat of tissue

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14
Q

what is vitamin A found in and what is its fuction

A

liver, helps improve vision and for hair and skin health

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15
Q

what is vitamin C found in and what is the function

A

citrus fruits to prevent scurvy

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16
Q

what is vitamin D found in and what is the fuction

A

eggs - calcium absorbtion

17
Q

what is calcium for

A

bones and teeth

18
Q

what is iron used for

A

to make haemoglobin for healthy blood

19
Q

what is dietary fibre needed for and what is it found in

A

wholemeal bread, fruit - aids movement of food through the gut

20
Q

what does the energy of a person depend on

A

activity level, age, pregnancy

21
Q

what is the calculation for the amount of energy in food

A

energy in food(j) = mass of water (g) x temperature change of water x 4.2

22
Q

what is the calculation for the amount of energy per gram of food

A

energy (j/) = energy in food (j) / mass of food (g)

23
Q

what is the experiment to see how much energy food contains

A

burning food unerder water - although lots of energy is lost to surroundings, insulating the boiling tube with foil would minimise heat lose and keep more energy in water

24
Q

what is starch broken down to maltose by

A

amylast

25
Q

hat is maltosee to glucose broken down by

A

maltase

26
Q

what converts proteins into amino acids

A

protease

27
Q

what converts lipids to glycerol and fatty acids

A

lipase

28
Q

what are the 2 functions of bile

A
  1. neutralise stomach acid
  2. emulsifies fats - for bigger surface arse for lipase to work to make digestion faster
29
Q

where is bile produce and stored and released

A

produces in liver, stored in gall bladder and released into small intestine

30
Q

how is food moved through the gut

A

by peristalsis which is waves of circular muscle contractions

31
Q

what is the alimentary canal

A

rthe pasage along which food passes through the body during digestion

32
Q

what is the function of the mouth

A
  1. contains salivary glands which produces amylase in the saliva
  2. teeth brake down food
33
Q

why does the stomach produce HCl

A
  1. to kill bacteria
  2. optimum temperature for protein to work
34
Q

give to functions of the stomach

A
  1. it pummels food with the muscular walls
  2. produces the protease enzyme, pepsin
35
Q

what enzymes do the pancreas contain

A

protease, amylase and lipase which are released into the small intestine

36
Q

what is the large intestine for

A

excess water is absorbed from the food

37
Q

what is the small intestine for

A
  1. production of protease, amylase and lipase to complete digestion
  2. nutrients absorbed out of alimentary canal into body
  3. the first part is the duodenum and the last part is the ileum
38
Q

what does the small intestine contain

A

villi

39
Q

how is the small intestine adapted to absorb food

A
  1. it is long for time to break down all food
  2. large SA because of all the villi
  3. each cells of a villus has own microvilli to increase SA even more
  4. villi have a single permeable layer of surface cells and a good blood supply to assist quick absorbtion

GCSE bio (8 decks)

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