Section 2 - humans nutrition Flashcards
Carbohydrate structure
- They contain carbon, hydrogen & oxygen
- Glycogen and starch are complex carbohydrates
- This are made of smaller units: glucose & maltose
- Carbohydrates made of simple sugars
Protein structure
- Made up of long chains of amino acids
- Contain carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen and oxygen atoms
Lipids structure
- Made up of fatty acids and glycerol
- Contains carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
Carbohydrates function
- provide energy
Lipids function
- provide energy
- energy store
- provide insulation
Proteins function
- Growth and repair of tissue
- Provide energy in emergencies
Vitamin functions
A - improve vision + keep skin healthy
C - Prevent scurvy
D - Needed for calcuim absorption
Mineral ions functions
Calcium - Needed for bones and teeth
Iron - Make haemoglobin for healthy blood
Water functions
Every bodily function
Dietary fibre function
aids movement of food through the gut
What do digestive enzymes do?
break big molecules (starch, protein and fats) into smaller molecules (Sugars, amino acids, glycerol, fatty acids)
Enzyme that converts Strach
Amylase converts starch into maltose
Enzyme that converts Maltose
Maltase converts maltose into glucose
Enzyme that converts proteins
Proteases converts proteins into amino acids
Enzyme that converts Lipids
Lipases convert lipids into glycerol and fatty acids