Section 2 - humans nutrition

Question 1

Carbohydrate structure

Answer 1

• They contain carbon, hydrogen & oxygen
• Glycogen and starch are complex carbohydrates
• This are made of smaller units: glucose & maltose
• Carbohydrates made of simple sugars

Question 2

Protein structure

Answer 2

• Made up of long chains of amino acids
• Contain carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen and oxygen atoms

Question 3

Lipids structure

Answer 3

• Made up of fatty acids and glycerol
• Contains carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

Question 4

Carbohydrates function

Answer 4

• provide energy

Question 5

Lipids function

Answer 5

• provide energy
• energy store
• provide insulation

Question 6

Proteins function

Answer 6

• Growth and repair of tissue
• Provide energy in emergencies

Question 7

Vitamin functions

Answer 7

A - improve vision + keep skin healthy
C - Prevent scurvy
D - Needed for calcuim absorption

Question 8

Mineral ions functions

Answer 8

Calcium - Needed for bones and teeth
Iron - Make haemoglobin for healthy blood

Question 9

Water functions

Answer 9

Every bodily function

Question 10

Dietary fibre function

Answer 10

aids movement of food through the gut

Question 11

What do digestive enzymes do?

Answer 11

break big molecules (starch, protein and fats) into smaller molecules (Sugars, amino acids, glycerol, fatty acids)

Question 12

Enzyme that converts Strach

Answer 12

Amylase converts starch into maltose

Question 13

Enzyme that converts Maltose

Answer 13

Maltase converts maltose into glucose

Question 14

Enzyme that converts proteins

Answer 14

Proteases converts proteins into amino acids

Question 15

Enzyme that converts Lipids

Answer 15

Lipases convert lipids into glycerol and fatty acids

Question 16

What does bile do?

Answer 16

Bile neautralises stomach acids as bile is an alkaline and the conditions are too acidic for the enzymes to work

Also it emulsify lipids into small droplets so they have a larger surface area for absorvtion.

Question 17

What conditions do enzymes in the small intestine work best?

Answer 17

Alkaline conditions

Question 18

Another function of Bile?

Answer 18

Emulsifies fats. Breaks fats into tiny droplets which gives a much larger surface area for the enzymes to work. MAKES DIGESTION FASTER

Question 19

Where is bile located?

Answer 19

Produced in the liver, stored in the gall bladder and released into the small intestine

Question 20

How is food moved around the body?

Answer 20

Peristalsis: Circular muscle contractions around the alimentary canal that move the bolus around.

Question 21

Order of the alimetary canal?

Answer 21

1. Mouth
2. Oesophagus
3. Stomach
4. Liver
5. Gall Bladder
6. Pancreas
7. Small Intestine
8. Large intestine
9. Rectum

Question 22

Mouth function

Answer 22

• Salivary glands produce amylase
• Teeth break down food

Question 23

Oesophagus function

Answer 23

• Muscular tube that connects mouth with stomach

Question 24

Liver function

Answer 24

• Where bile is produced

Question 25

Gall Bladder function

Answer 25

- Bile is stored

Question 26

Pancreas function

Answer 26

- Produces amylase, protease, lipases and releases them into the small intestine

Question 27

Small intestine function

Answer 27

- Nutrients absorved out of the alimentary canal into body - First part called duodenum, last part called illeum

Question 28

Large intestine function

Answer 28

- Excess water absorved from food

Question 29

Rectum function

Answer 29

Where faeces are stored before you release them

Question 30

What are Villi?

Answer 30

- Single permeable layer of surface cells + good blood supply to asist quick absorption. - Located in the small intestine absorves all nutrients