Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CGP Biology > Section 2 - Human Nutrition P1 > Flashcards

Section 2 - Human Nutrition P1 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are carbohydrates made up of?

A

Simple sugar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What elements do carbohydrate molecules contain?

A

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does maltose form when it’s joined together?

A

Starch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does glucose form when it’s joined together?

A

Glycogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are starch and glycogen?

A

Large complex carbohydrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How is maltose drawn?

A

Pairs of the same shape joined up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How is glucose drawn?

A

Single shapes on there own

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How is starch drawn?

A

A long chain of the same shapes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are proteins made up of?

A

Long chains of Amino acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What elements are in protein molecules?

A

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen and Nitrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How are amino acids drawn?

A

Loads of different single shapes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How are proteins drawn?

A

Loads of different shapes joined together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are lipids made up of?

A

Fatty acids and glycerol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What elements do lipids molecules contain?

A

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How are glycerol and fatty acids drawn?

A

Glycerol-as a long oval

Fatty acids-3 long chains of shapes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How are lipids drawn?

A

Draw the large oval for glycerol then the three chains of fatty acids come from the long side of the oval

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How do you prepare a food sample?

A
  • get a piece food and break it up in a pestle no mortar
  • put the ground up food in a beaker and add some distilled water
  • stir with a glass rod to dissolve some of the food
  • filter the solution with funnel to remove the solid bits of food
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What’s the Benedict’s test for?

A

Glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the Benedict’s test?

A

1) prepare food sample and transfer 5cm3 to a test tube
2) prepare a 75°C water bath
3) add Benedict’s solution to test tube(about 10 drops)
4) place test tube in water bath for 5mins make sure it faces away from you
5) if glucose is present the solution will change from a blue to green or yellow in low concentrates and brick red in high concentrations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What’s iodine used to test for?

A

Starch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the iodine test?

A

1) make food sample and transfer 5cm3 into a test tube
2) then add a few drops of iodine solution and gently shake if starch is present the colour will change from browny-orange to black or blue-black

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What’s the Biuret test for?

A

Proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the Biuret test?

A

1) prepare a sample of your food and put 2cm3 in a test tube
2) add 2cm3 of Biuret solution and gently shake
3) if protein is present the colour will change from blue to pink or purple

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the emulsion test for?

A

Lipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the emulsion test?

A

1)shake the test substance with ethanol for a minute to allow the ethanol to dissolve, then pour the solution into water
2)any lipid with show up as a cloudy emulsion
3)the more lipid there is the more noticeably milky white the colour will be
CLEAR->MILKY WHITE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What’s the Sudan III test for? XXX

A

Lipids

27
Q

What’s the Sudan III test ? XXX

A

1) prepare a sample of your food(don’t need to filter) put 5cm3 Ina test tube
2) add 3 drops of Sudan III stain solution to the test tube and gently shake
3) Sudan III stain stains lipids if lipids are present the mixture will separate into two layers the top layer will be bright red

28
Q

What are the 7 nutrients that you need?

A

Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Vitamins, Mineral ions, Water, Dietary fibre

29
Q

What are carbohydrates found in and what is their function?

A

Found in-pasta, rice, sugar

Function-provides energy

30
Q

What are lipids found in and what is their function?

A

Found in-butter, oily fish

Function-provide energy, act as an energy store, provide insulation

31
Q

What are proteins found in and what is their function?

A

Found in-Meat, fish

Function-growth and repair of tissue, provide energy in emergencies

32
Q

What is vitamin A found in and what is their function?

A

Found in-liver

Function-improve vision, keep skin and hair healthy

33
Q

What is vitamin C found in and what is their function?

A

Found in-oranges

Function-prevent scurvy

34
Q

What is vitamin D found in and what is their function?

A

Found in-Eggs

Function-needed for calcium absorption

35
Q

What is mineral-calcium found in and what is their function?

A

Found in-Milk, cheese

Function-need to make healthy bones and teeth

36
Q

What is mineral-iron found in and what is their function?

A

Found in-Red meat

Function-needed to make haemoglobin for healthy blood

37
Q

What is water found in and what is their function?

A

Found in-food and drink
Function-just about every bodily function relies on water, we need a constant supply to replace the water we lose through urinating, sweating and breathing

38
Q

What is dietary fibre found in and what is their function?

A

Found in-whole meal bread, fruit

Function-aids the movement of food through your gut

39
Q

What does a balanced diet supply?

A

-gives you essential nutrients you need in the right amount

40
Q

How can your activity level affect your energy requirement?

A

Active people need more energy than people who sit about all day

41
Q

How does your age affect your energy requirement?

A

Children and teenagers need more energy than older people because they need to grow and are generally more active

42
Q

How can pregnancy affect the energy requirements of a woman?

A

Pregnant women need more energy because they need energy to provide the energy their babies need to develop

43
Q

What do digestive enzymes break down?

A

Larger molecules into smaller ones

44
Q

What are examples of big molecules and why do they need to be broken down?

A

Starch, protein and lipids

Too big to pass through the wall of the digestive system and they’re insoluble

45
Q

What are examples of smaller molecules and why are they better than larger ones?

A

Sugar, amino acids, glycerol, fatty acids

They’re soluble and pass through the walls of the digestive system easily

46
Q

What does the amylase enzyme break down?

A

Breaks down long chains of starch into couples of maltose

47
Q

What does the maltase enzyme break down?

A

Brakes down couples of maltose into single glucose

48
Q

What does the protease enzyme break down?

A

Protein which is a long chain of amino acids into single amino acids

49
Q

What does the lipase enzyme break down?

A

Breaks down lipids into glycerol and fatty acid chains

50
Q

What does bile do and where is it produced stored and released?

A
  • bile is produced in the liver, stored in the gall bladder, released in the small intestine
  • acid in the stomach the pH is too high for enzymes in the small intestine,bile is alkaline so it neutralises the stomach acid and creates conditions to be alkaline(best pH for enzymes in small intestine)
  • bile emulsified fat, it breaks fat into small droplets this gives a bigger surface area for the lipase to work on which makes digestion faster
51
Q

By what process is food moved through the gut?

A

Peristalsis

52
Q

What and how does peristalsis work?

A

1) there’s muscular tissue down the alimentary canal
2) it’s job is to squeeze balls of food(boluses) throughyour but otherwise your gut would get clogged up with old food
3) the squeezing action which is waves of circular muscle contractions is called peristalsis

53
Q

What is another name for your alimentary canal?

A

Gut

54
Q

What role does your mouth play in digestion?

A

1) salivary glands in the mouth produce amylase enzymes in the saliva
2) teeth break down food

55
Q

What role does your oesophagus play in digestion?

A

The muscular tube that connects the mouth and the stomach

56
Q

What role does your stomach play in digestion?

A

1) pummels the food with its muscular walls
2) produces the protease enzyme, pepsin
3) produces hydrochloric acid
- to kill bacteria
- gives the optimum pH for the protease enzyme to work

57
Q

What role does your liver play in digestion?

A

Where bile is produced

58
Q

What role does your gall bladder play in digestion?

A

Where bile is stored

59
Q

What role does your pancreas play in digestion?

A

Creates protease, amylase and lipase enzymes and releases them into the small intestine

60
Q

What role does your large intestine play in digestion?

A

Also called colon

Where excess water is absorbed from food

61
Q

What role does your small intestine play in digestion?

A

1) produces protease, lipase and amylase enzymes to complete digestion.
2) where nutrients is absorbed out of the alimentary canal into the body
3) first part is the duodenum and the last part is the ileum

62
Q

What role does your rectum play in digestion?

A

Last part of the large intestine

Here the faeces are stored before they leave through the anus

63
Q

How do villi in the small intestine help with digestion?

A
  • small intestine is adapted for the absorption of food
  • small intestine very long so has time to absorb all nutrients
  • big surface area for absorption because the walls of the small intestine are covered with villi
  • each cell on the surface of villi has a microvilli on which increase the surface area even more
  • villi have a single permeable layer of surface cell and a good blood supply to assist quick absorption

CGP Biology (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions