Section 2 - Formation of Ions Flashcards
Most elements in the s-block and p-block form ions with _____ outer electron shells
full
How can you predict what ions group 1 atoms will make?
Group 1 atoms have one electron in their outer shell. The easiest way for them to achieve a full outer shell is to lose that one negative electron. The positive charge in the nucleus stays the same leaving one excess positive charge overall, so Group 1 ions must have a 1+ charge.
How can you predict what ions group 2 atoms will make?
Group 2 elements have two electrons in their outer shell. They lose these two negative electrons to get a stable (full) outer shell, producing ions with a 2+ charge.
How can you predict what ions group 6 atoms will make?
Group 6 elements have six electrons in their outer shell. Rather than releasing all six of these electrons (which would take a lot of energy), they pick up two electrons from their surroundings to complete their outer shell. The positive charge in the nucleus stays the same, so Group 6 ions have two extra negative charges - they carry a 2 - charge.
How can you predict what ions group 7 atoms will make?
Group 7 atoms need to pick up one extra electron to get a stable outer shell, so they form ions with a charge 1-.
Generally, what is the charge on a metal ion equal to?
Its group number
Generally, what is the charge on a non-metal ion equal to?
Its group number minus eight
Not all ions are simple.. what does this mean?
Some groups of atoms can exist as stable ions
Some groups of atoms can also exist as stable ions. Are they usually cations or anions?
Anions (negative ions)
What is the charge of ammonium?
+
What is the charge of sulfate?
2-
What is the charge of carbonate?
2-
What is the charge of sulfite?
2-
What is the charge of hydroxide?
-
What is the charge of nitrite?
-
