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Biology > Section 2: Biological Molecules > Flashcards

Section 2: Biological Molecules Flashcards

enzymes, biological molecules, food tests

1
Q

What elements are present in Carbohydrates

A

Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

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2
Q

What elements are present in proteins

A

Carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen and oxygen

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3
Q

What elements are present in lipids

A

Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

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4
Q

What are the complex carbohydrates

A

Starch and glycogen

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5
Q

What is the structure of complex carbohydrates and what are they made of

A

Polymers made up of simple sugars

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6
Q

What is the structure of proteins and what is it made of

A

Polymers made up of amino acid

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7
Q

What is the structure of lipids and what is it made of

A

1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids

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8
Q

What does a positive result look like for starch

A

blue-black

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9
Q

What does a positive result look like for glucose

A

small amount - green
large amount - brick red

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10
Q

What does a positive result look like for protein

A

purple

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11
Q

What does a positive result look like for lipids

A

White cloudy suspension

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12
Q

What is the role of starch in plants

A

to store energy

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13
Q

where is glycogen stored

A

Stored in muscles cells and liver

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14
Q

How do you carry out a test for starch

A
  1. Put iodine in each dimple of a spotting tile
  2. Add a drop of food sample into each solution.
  3. Observe results
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15
Q

What is the name of the glucose(simple sugars) test and how do you carry it out

A

Benedicts test
1. Add equal parts benedicts solution and food sample to test tube
2. Put test tube in water bath at 80 degrees for 3 mins
3. Observe results

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16
Q

What colour is iodine

A

orange/yellow

17
Q

What colour is benedicts solution

A

blue

18
Q

What is the name of the protein test and how do you carry it out

A

Biurets test
1. Add equal parts food sample and biurets solution to a test tube
2. observe results

19
Q

What is the name of the lipids test and how do you carry it out

A

ethanol test
1. Place 1ml of food sample into a test tube
2. Add two ml of water- mix
3. Add 1ml of ethanol and shake
4. Observe results

20
Q

What is an enzyme

A

enzymes are a type of protein that is a biological catalyst

21
Q

What enzyme is added to starch to change it from polymer to monomer

A

starch + AMYLASE = glucose

22
Q

What enzyme is added to glycogen to change it from polymer to monomer

A

glycogen + GLUCAGON = glucose

23
Q

What enzyme is added to protein to change it from polymer to monomer

A

protein + PROTEASE = amino acids

24
Q

What enzyme is added to lipids to change it from polymer to monomer

A

lipids + LIPASE = glycerol and fatty acids

25
Q

What is the lock and key theory

A
  1. Enzyme and substrate collide
  2. Complimentary substrate binds with the enzymes active site to form an enzyme substrate complex
  3. Enzyme product complex is formed
  4. Products are released from the enzymes active site
26
Q

How does temperature effect enzymes

A

changing temperature effects the rate of enzyme - catalysed reaction

27
Q

What happens to the enzyme when temperature is increased and why

A

At first when temperature is increased the rate of enzyme-catalysed reaction is increased, because a higher temperature increases the kinetic energy in the enzyme and substrate so there are more collisions leading to a higher reaction rate

28
Q

what is optimum temperature

A

Optimum temperature is when the reaction rate is at its highest

29
Q

What happens to the enzyme when temperature is too high

A

the enzymes denatures

30
Q

What is denaturing

A

Denaturing is when the active site changes shape, denaturing is irreversible

31
Q

Why does an enzyme denature

A

When temperature is too high the bonds holding the enzyme together will break

32
Q

What happens to the reaction rate when denaturing occurs and why

A

Reaction rate rapidly decreases because the substrate no longer fits into the active

33
Q

What happens to enzyme if temperature is too low

A

If t6emperature is too low the reaction rate will slow down because there is a lack of kinetic energy but will NOT denature

34
Q

How does pH effect enzymes

A

If enzyme is too high or too low enzyme will denature. Enzymes works at optimum pH

35
Q

What is the optimum pH

A

7

36
Q

What is optimum temperature

A

37-40 degrees

Biology (4 decks)

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