Section 2: Bacterial Cell Structure Flashcards
T/F: bacteria are eukaryotes
F: bacteria are prokaryotes = they lack true nucleus and do not have membrane bound organelles
Coccus
Sphere
Baccillus
Rod-shaped
Spirrillum
Spiral
Coccobacillus
rod-shaped with round ends
Spirochete
spiral with unique motility (like a ninja with a machete! Or henry with a machete… and a watermelon - fruit ninja! haha)
Pleomorphic
varies! (only one starting with a P, so could be ALL of them!)
Gram positive
- stain purple
- THICK peptidoglycan layer around cell membrane (phospholipids)
- has teichoic acids = negative charge - antigenic (specific to gram positive! test)
Gram negative
- stain pink
- THIN peptidoglycan layer around cell membrane, with outer membrane (OM) surrounding peptidoglycan layer
- LPS (lipopolysaccharide) in OM = lipid A and O = endotoxin; lipid A = toxic part
Acid fast
- high lipid content in cell wall
- DOES NOT readily take up stain, thus requires special dyes and heat
- MYOBACTERIUM = genes in which ALL species are acid fast
Cells that lack a cell wall are high in…
steroids = increase rigidity of the cell
Fluid Mosaic Model
Fluid phospholipid bilayer containing proteins
Cell membrane (8 points)
- phospholipid bilayer
- selectively permeable: facilitated diffusion or active transport (requires ATP)
- site of oxidative phosphorylation (where mitochondria make ATP)
- secretory and excretory phosphorylations
- where enzymes are for DNA replication
- where proteins that act as receptors are for cell communication and metabolism
- Mesosome
- Periplasmic space
Mesosome
invaginations of membrane become vesicles (role in cell division).
increases surface area
Periplasmic space
between IM and OM in gram - cells
