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Biology > Section 2: a) Level of organisation & b) Cell structure > Flashcards

Section 2: a) Level of organisation & b) Cell structure Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 5 main parts of an animal cell?

A

Nucleus, cell membrane, cytoplasm, mitochondria, ribosomes

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2
Q

What are the 8 main parts of a plant cell?

A

Nucleus, cell membrane, cytoplasm, mitochondria, ribosomes, chloroplasts, cell wall, vacuole

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3
Q

What parts of a plant cell does an animal cell not have?

A

Cell wall, chloroplasts and vacuole

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4
Q

What is the function of the nucleus?

A

It contains genetic material, including DNA, which controls the cells’s activities.

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5
Q

What is the function of the cell membrane?

A

Its structure is permeable to some substances but not to others and this controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell.

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6
Q

What is the function of cytoplasm?

A

It is a jelly-like substance that contains dissolved nutrients, salts and organelles. It is where many chemical reactions take place.

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7
Q

What is the function of mitochondria?

A

Mitochondria are organelles that contain the enzymes for aerobic respiration, and where energy is released in respiration.

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8
Q

What is the function of ribosomes?

A

Ribosomes are tiny organelles where protein synthesis occurs.

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9
Q

What is the function of chloroplasts?

A

Chloroplasts are organelles that contain the green pigment, chlorophyll, which absorbs light energy for photosynthesis.

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10
Q

What is the function of the cell wall?

A

It is made from cellulose fibres and provides structural support for the cell.

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11
Q

What is the function of the vacuole?

A

It stores cell sap and helps support the cell.

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12
Q

What is an organelle?

A

An organelle is a tiny structure found within a cell.

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13
Q

Give examples of organelles.

A

Mitochondria, ribosomes, chloroplasts

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14
Q

What is a cell?

A

A cell is the most basic structure of a living organism. Cells are described as the building blocks of life.

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15
Q

Give some examples of different types of cells.

A

Epithelial cells, root hair cells, red blood cells, egg cells, sperm cells, palisade cells

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16
Q

What do epithelial cells do?

A

They cover surfaces and line cavities in the body.

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17
Q

What do root hair cells do?

A

They absorb minerals and water from the soil.

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18
Q

What do red blood cells do?

A

They carry fresh oxygen throughout the body.

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19
Q

What do egg and sperm cells do?

A

They work together to reproduce/create offspring. The function of the sperm cell is to reach the egg cell and join with it. The function of the egg cell is to join with the sperm cell, and then to provide food for the new cell that has been formed.

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20
Q

What do palisade cells do?

A

They allow photosynthesis to work more efficiently by making chloroplasts stick together near the edge of cells.

21
Q

What is a tissue?

A

A tissue is a group of cells working together with similar structure and function.

22
Q

Give some examples of tissues.

A

Muscular tissue, brain tissue, heart tissue

23
Q

What is an organ?

A

An organ is made up of tissues and contains many different tissues which all work together to carry out a function.

24
Q

What are the organs of a plant?

A

Roots, leaves, stem and reproductive organs (e.g. male and female sex organs in flowers)

25
Q

What do the roots do?

A

Roots keep a plant in the ground. They also absorb water and nutrients from the soil.

26
Q

What do the leaves do?

A

The leaves absorb sunlight and make food for the plant using photosynthesis. The waste product of photosynthesis, oxygen, escapes through tiny holes in the leaves.

27
Q

What does the stem do?

A

The stem supports the leaves and flowers. It also transports water and nutrients between the roots and the leaves.

28
Q

What do the reproductive organs in a plant do?

A

They allow a plant to produce new plants by either sexual or asexual reproduction.

29
Q

Give some examples of animal organs.

A

Brain, heart, lungs, stomach, intestines, liver, kidneys, bladder, skin

30
Q

What does the brain do?

A

The brain controls thoughts, memory and other organs.

31
Q

What does the heart do?

A

The heart pumps blood around the body.

32
Q

What do the lungs do?

A

The lungs separate oxygen from the air and remove carbon dioxide from the blood.

33
Q

What does the stomach do?

A

The stomach helps to digest food.

34
Q

What do the intestines do?

A

The intestines absorb nutrients and water from the food.

35
Q

What does the liver do?

A

The liver secretes bile and removes toxins/poisons from the blood.

36
Q

What do the kidneys do?

A

The kidneys filter blood and produce urine.

37
Q

What does the bladder do?

A

The bladder stores urine.

38
Q

What does the skin do?

A

The skin protects and contains the other organs.

39
Q

What is an organ system?

A

An organ system is a group of different organs that work together to perform a particular function.

40
Q

Give some examples of organ systems.

A

Circulatory system, respiratory system, digestive system, reproductive system, musculoskeletal system, immune system, excretory system

41
Q

What does the circulatory system do?

A

The circulatory system includes the heart, veins and arteries. Its function is transport substances in the blood around the body.

42
Q

What does the respiratory system do?

A

The respiratory system includes the nose and the lungs. It takes in oxygen and removes carbon dioxide.

43
Q

What does the digestive system do?

A

The digestive system includes the stomach and intestines. It breaks down food and absorbs nutrients and water.

44
Q

What does the reproductive system do?

A

The reproductive system includes the uterus and vagina in women, and the penis and testes in men. Its function is to create offspring.

45
Q

What does the musculoskeletal system do?

A

The musculoskeletal system includes bones and muscles. It supports the body and allows movement.

46
Q

What does the immune system do?

A

The immune system includes bone marrow. It protects the body from infection.

47
Q

What does the excretory system do?

A

The excretory system includes the kidneys, large intestine, liver, skin and lungs. It removes waste products from the body.

48
Q

What is an organism?

A

An organism is a complete living thing made up of many organ systems characterised by MRS H GREN.

49
Q

Give an example of two organ systems which work together in an organism.

A

The respiratory system and the circulatory system work together to deliver oxygen to cells and to get rid of the carbon dioxide the cells produce.

Biology (10 decks)

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