Section 2

Question 1

Expectation/Pain/Danger associated with Fear of Birth

Answer 1

women socially expected to have children
birthing process is painful
childbirth can be dangerous

Question 2

Social aspects associated with fear of birth

Answer 2

negative stories from peers
media showing dangers and complications
social media presenting unresearched information
TV/film unrealistic portrayals

Question 3

What is the Fear of Birth?

Answer 3

ranges from natural concerns about the birth, its course, and outcomes, all the way to tokophobia (childbirth anxiety)

Question 4

Causes of fear of birth

Answer 4

primary - ACEs, discrimination in healthcare, psychological disorders, stress, lack of social support, lack of knowledge, young age
secondary - negative birth experience

Question 5

Fear of Birth Implications

Answer 5

extreme fear leads to avoidance of pregnancy, termination, or C-sections
related to physical/emotional symptoms during pregnancy, subjective experiences, and postpartum adjustment

Question 6

Treatments for tokophobia

Answer 6

Importance of early detection
extreme levels of anxiety require psychological intervention

Question 7

Outcomes of early treatment for tokophobia

Answer 7

significantly decreased fear levels
increased birth satisfaction levels
women report better coping, empowerment, and management of fear

Question 8

What reasons are reported for requiring parental involvement in abortion among adolescents?

Answer 8

belief that involving parents allows better family functioning; adolescents cant make informed decisions; adolescents benefit from parental involvement

Question 9

Abortion Among Adolescents - Does Abortion Cause Harm?

Answer 9

low physical danger risk (mortality for birth is ~30x higher)
low psychological harm risk

Question 10

Abortion Among Adolescents - Do Adolescents have the ability to provide informed consent?

Answer 10

younger girls report the same reason as older girls for wanting an abortion
adolescents who chose to have an abortion typically have higher edu. achievement, higher edu. mothers, better economic circumstances
adolescents considering abortion may be more competent than those carrying full-term

Question 11

Consequences of parental involvement in adolescent abortions

Answer 11

possible harm to adolescents (emotional and physical)
most adolescents voluntarily tell parents when experiencing unwanted pregnancy even when not required
some adolescents do not tell their parents out of fear of disappointment, anger, punishment, and physical violence (research demonstrates parents display these fears)

Question 12

Increasing access to contraception has shown an increase in

Answer 12

high school graduation rates

Question 13

Consequences of Abortion Restrictions

Answer 13

women denied show higher anxiety, lower self-esteem, and lower life satisfaction
higher rates of adverse birth outcomes

Question 14

Findings of the Prague Study

Answer 14

children of unwanted groups demonstrate:
- worse school performance
- lower maturity
- higher dropout rates
- lower job satisfaction
- more psychiatric treatment
- more family tension and divorces

Question 15

Low fitness is shown to be the strongest predictor of death [True/False]

Answer 15

true

Question 16

between ____ and ____ of the population die from sedentary lifestyle

Answer 16

1/4 and 2/3

Question 17

Potential Explanations for Gender Differences in Exercise

Answer 17

women’s breast discomfort and lack of education on sports bras
social attitudes (girls skipping gym and sports around time of puberty)

Question 18

Benefits of combining cardiovascular and resistance training

Answer 18

change in body composition - lowers the body fat percentage

Question 19

The most dangerous body fat is located around

Answer 19

the abdomen

Question 20

How does fitness impact longevity?

Answer 20

those who are more fit live longer than those who are considered unfit - especially when people decrease risk behaviors such as smoking

Question 21

How does fitness impact risk for CVD?

Answer 21

people who are more fit have a lower likelihood of developing CVD - if they do develop it its at a later age and less severe symptoms

Question 22

How does fitness impact cancer?

Answer 22

lowers risk of developing cancer especially in individuals who have high levels of fitness

Question 23

How does fitness impact osteoporosis?

Answer 23

bone density is increased through resistance training and therefore people who regularly engage in this have a lower risk of developing osteoporosis

Question 24

In order for exercise to have the benefits it has to be performed _____

Answer 24

consistently

Question 25

Reported barriers preventing women from exercise

Answer 25

not enough time/money
women set unrealistic expectations of what they will get out of exercise