Section 2

Question 1

Schizophrenia DSM-5 Criteria

Answer 1

two or more of the following for at least one month
- delusions
- hallucinations
- disorganized speech
- disorganized or catatonic behavior
- negative symptoms
Social/occupational dysfunction
Continuous sign of disturbance
Not attributable to another condition

Question 2

Three categories of symptoms

Answer 2

positive - addition of abnormal experience/behavior
disorganized - thought or behavioral disturbances
negative - absence of typical behaviors or expressions

Question 3

Cognitive Deficits associated with Schizophrenia

Answer 3

decline in attention, working memory, episodic memory, and executive functioning

Question 4

Presentation of Schizophrenia is typically

Answer 4

chronic (rule of fourths)

Question 5

Congenital Factors associated with schizophrenia

Answer 5

pregnancy and birth complications
viral infections and season of birth

Question 6

Childhood and Early Onset Schizophrenia

Answer 6

extremely rare
gradual onset
associated with developmental precursors (e.g. motor development and social impairment)
high comorbidity (especially mood disorders)
same treatment as adult schizophrenia

Question 7

Treatment for Schizophrenia

Answer 7

antipsychotic medication typically combined with psychotherapy and social support programs

Question 8

Genetic Influences associated with schizophrenia

Answer 8

research demonstrates having family members with schizophrenia drastically increases risk; the closer related the higher the risk

Question 9

Prenatal risk factors for schizophrenia

Answer 9

prenatal and natal viruses, delivery complications, vitamin D deficiency, stress

Question 10

Families and Relapse of Schizophrenia symptoms

Answer 10

high expressed emotion in families (high levels of criticism, hostility, intrusiveness) are strong predictors of relapse

Question 11

Why is social skills training recommended for Schizophrenia treatment?

Answer 11

social skills are often lost when symptoms are at their worst

Question 12

Delusional Disorder (definition)

Answer 12

one or more non-bizarre delusional thought episodes for one month or more - not explained by another condition

Question 13

Brief Psychotic Disorder

Answer 13

sudden onset of psychotic behavior lasting less than a month followed by complete remission

Question 14

Substance/Medication Induced Psychotic Disorder

Answer 14

onset of the presence of psychotic features which have been catalyzed by the use of a substance or medication

Question 15

Substances frequently associated with Substance-Induced Psychotic disorder

Answer 15

Alcohol
Cannabis and Opioids
Sedatizes and hypnotics
Stimulants
Illicit Hallucinogenics

Question 16

Addiction (definition)

Answer 16

a chronic, relapsing disorder characterized by compulsive drug seeking despite adverse consequences

Question 17

the iRISA model demonstrates

Answer 17

drug reinforcement => craving => bingeing => withdrawal

Question 18

DSM-5 Criteria for SUD

Answer 18

loss of control
risky use
social/vocational problems
physical or pharmacological problems (withdrawal and tolerance)

Question 19

Dopamine is involved in

Answer 19

rewarding, reinforcing, and remembering behaviors that sustain life

Question 20

Free Will and Choice in Addiction

Answer 20

addiction neuroscience shows structural and functional changes in regions and systems of the brain associated with agency of behavior - therefore addiction is more than a choice of free will

Question 21

Cue-Elicited Responses

Answer 21

when presented with drug-related stimuli in the environment patients showed:
- increased craving
- increased heart rate and blood pressure
- increased metabolic activity in the OFC

Question 22

Down-regulation of the endocannabinoid system results in

Answer 22

anxiety
difficulty sleeping
depressed mood
difficulty with motivation

Question 23

Cannabis Withdrawal

Answer 23

irritability/anger
anxiety
sleep difficulties
depressed mood
decreased appetite

Question 24

Somatic Symptom Disorders (definition)

Answer 24

preoccupation with health and/or body appearance and functioning in the absence of identifiable medical conditions causing the physical complaints

Question 25

Diagnosis of somatic symptom disorders is made on the presence of

Answer 25

distressing symptoms and abnormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors in response to them

Question 26

Diagnostic Criteria for Somatic Symptom Disorder

Answer 26

one or more somatic symptoms that are distressing or result in significant disruption of daily life excessive thoughts, feelings or behaviors related to the somatic symptoms or associated health concerns the state of being symptomatic is present

Question 27

Conversion Disorder (definition_

Answer 27

physical malfunctioning of sensory or motor functioning with a lack of physical or organic pathology

Question 28

Illness Anxiety (definition)

Answer 28

excessive worry about having or developing a serious disease/illness that has not been diagnosed; may have some actual symptoms but attribute mild symptoms to having very serious underlying illness without evidence

Question 29

Diagnostic Criteria for Illness Anxiety

Answer 29

preoccupation with having or acquiring a serious illness somatic symptoms not present or if they are only mild in intensity relative to the anxiety excessive health-related behaviors or maladaptive avoidance illness preoccupation has present for at least 6 months

Question 30

Risk factors for Illness Anxiety

Answer 30

serious childhood illness experience significant health scare or close family member illness/death history of anxiety disorder

Question 31

Factitious Disorder (definition)

Answer 31

purposely faking physical symptoms without obvious external gains

Question 32

FDIA

Answer 32

factitious disorder imposed on another - a form of child abuse where parents or caregivers falsify accounts of illness and substantiate these accounts by inducing symptoms on the child

Question 33

When would we diagnose someone with a personality disorder?

Answer 33

pervasive and inflexible; stable and of long duration; cause of clinically significant distress or impairment of functioning (cognitive, affective, interpersonal, impulse control)

Question 34

Categories of personality disorders

Answer 34

Cluster A - odd or eccentric behaviors Cluster B - dramatic, emotional, or erratic Cluster C - anxiety is the significant component

Question 35

Antisocial Personality Disorder

Answer 35

rigid and dysfunctional thought process that focuses on social responsibility and lack of remorse

Question 36

Impairments in Interpersonal Functioning Associated with ASPD

Answer 36

lack of empathy, lack of remorse, lack of intimacy

Question 37

Antagonism Dimension of ASPD

Answer 37

manipulative callous deceitful hostile

Question 38

Disinhibition Dimension of ASPD

Answer 38

irresponsibility impulsivity risk-taking

Question 39

Psychopathy vs. Antisocial Personality Disorder

Answer 39

similarities include - manipulation, lack of remorse and guilt, poor behavioral conduct, failure to take responsibility for actions, impulsivity

Question 40

Borderline Personality Disorder

Answer 40

core features include affective dysregulation, identity disturbances, and problems in social interaction, with an intense fear of loss, abandonment, or rejection by social partners

Question 41

BPD results in significant impairment in

Answer 41

identity self-direction