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Abnormal and Clinical Psych > Section 2 > Flashcards

Section 2 Flashcards

Psychotic Disorders, Substance Abuse, Trauma and Stressor Disorders

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1
Q

Schizophrenia DSM-5 Criteria

A

two or more of the following for at least one month
- delusions
- hallucinations
- disorganized speech
- disorganized or catatonic behavior
- negative symptoms
Social/occupational dysfunction
Continuous sign of disturbance
Not attributable to another condition

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2
Q

Three categories of symptoms

A

positive - addition of abnormal experience/behavior
disorganized - thought or behavioral disturbances
negative - absence of typical behaviors or expressions

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3
Q

Cognitive Deficits associated with Schizophrenia

A

decline in attention, working memory, episodic memory, and executive functioning

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4
Q

Presentation of Schizophrenia is typically

A

chronic (rule of fourths)

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5
Q

Congenital Factors associated with schizophrenia

A

pregnancy and birth complications
viral infections and season of birth

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6
Q

Childhood and Early Onset Schizophrenia

A

extremely rare
gradual onset
associated with developmental precursors (e.g. motor development and social impairment)
high comorbidity (especially mood disorders)
same treatment as adult schizophrenia

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7
Q

Treatment for Schizophrenia

A

antipsychotic medication typically combined with psychotherapy and social support programs

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8
Q

Genetic Influences associated with schizophrenia

A

research demonstrates having family members with schizophrenia drastically increases risk; the closer related the higher the risk

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9
Q

Prenatal risk factors for schizophrenia

A

prenatal and natal viruses, delivery complications, vitamin D deficiency, stress

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10
Q

Families and Relapse of Schizophrenia symptoms

A

high expressed emotion in families (high levels of criticism, hostility, intrusiveness) are strong predictors of relapse

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11
Q

Why is social skills training recommended for Schizophrenia treatment?

A

social skills are often lost when symptoms are at their worst

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12
Q

Delusional Disorder (definition)

A

one or more non-bizarre delusional thought episodes for one month or more - not explained by another condition

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13
Q

Brief Psychotic Disorder

A

sudden onset of psychotic behavior lasting less than a month followed by complete remission

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14
Q

Substance/Medication Induced Psychotic Disorder

A

onset of the presence of psychotic features which have been catalyzed by the use of a substance or medication

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15
Q

Substances frequently associated with Substance-Induced Psychotic disorder

A

Alcohol
Cannabis and Opioids
Sedatizes and hypnotics
Stimulants
Illicit Hallucinogenics

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16
Q

Addiction (definition)

A

a chronic, relapsing disorder characterized by compulsive drug seeking despite adverse consequences

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17
Q

the iRISA model demonstrates

A

drug reinforcement => craving => bingeing => withdrawal

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18
Q

DSM-5 Criteria for SUD

A

loss of control
risky use
social/vocational problems
physical or pharmacological problems (withdrawal and tolerance)

19
Q

Dopamine is involved in

A

rewarding, reinforcing, and remembering behaviors that sustain life

20
Q

Free Will and Choice in Addiction

A

addiction neuroscience shows structural and functional changes in regions and systems of the brain associated with agency of behavior - therefore addiction is more than a choice of free will

21
Q

Cue-Elicited Responses

A

when presented with drug-related stimuli in the environment patients showed:
- increased craving
- increased heart rate and blood pressure
- increased metabolic activity in the OFC

22
Q

Down-regulation of the endocannabinoid system results in

A

anxiety
difficulty sleeping
depressed mood
difficulty with motivation

23
Q

Cannabis Withdrawal

A

irritability/anger
anxiety
sleep difficulties
depressed mood
decreased appetite

24
Q

Somatic Symptom Disorders (definition)

A

preoccupation with health and/or body appearance and functioning in the absence of identifiable medical conditions causing the physical complaints

25
Q

Diagnosis of somatic symptom disorders is made on the presence of

A

distressing symptoms and abnormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors in response to them

26
Q

Diagnostic Criteria for Somatic Symptom Disorder

A

one or more somatic symptoms that are distressing or result in significant disruption of daily life
excessive thoughts, feelings or behaviors related to the somatic symptoms or associated health concerns
the state of being symptomatic is present

27
Q

Conversion Disorder (definition_

A

physical malfunctioning of sensory or motor functioning with a lack of physical or organic pathology

28
Q

Illness Anxiety (definition)

A

excessive worry about having or developing a serious disease/illness that has not been diagnosed; may have some actual symptoms but attribute mild symptoms to having very serious underlying illness without evidence

29
Q

Diagnostic Criteria for Illness Anxiety

A

preoccupation with having or acquiring a serious illness
somatic symptoms not present or if they are only mild in intensity relative to the anxiety
excessive health-related behaviors or maladaptive avoidance
illness preoccupation has present for at least 6 months

30
Q

Risk factors for Illness Anxiety

A

serious childhood illness
experience significant health scare or close family member illness/death
history of anxiety disorder

31
Q

Factitious Disorder (definition)

A

purposely faking physical symptoms without obvious external gains

32
Q

FDIA

A

factitious disorder imposed on another - a form of child abuse where parents or caregivers falsify accounts of illness and substantiate these accounts by inducing symptoms on the child

33
Q

When would we diagnose someone with a personality disorder?

A

pervasive and inflexible; stable and of long duration; cause of clinically significant distress or impairment of functioning (cognitive, affective, interpersonal, impulse control)

34
Q

Categories of personality disorders

A

Cluster A - odd or eccentric behaviors
Cluster B - dramatic, emotional, or erratic
Cluster C - anxiety is the significant component

35
Q

Antisocial Personality Disorder

A

rigid and dysfunctional thought process that focuses on social responsibility and lack of remorse

36
Q

Impairments in Interpersonal Functioning Associated with ASPD

A

lack of empathy, lack of remorse, lack of intimacy

37
Q

Antagonism Dimension of ASPD

A

manipulative
callous
deceitful
hostile

38
Q

Disinhibition Dimension of ASPD

A

irresponsibility
impulsivity
risk-taking

39
Q

Psychopathy vs. Antisocial Personality Disorder

A

similarities include - manipulation, lack of remorse and guilt, poor behavioral conduct, failure to take responsibility for actions, impulsivity

40
Q

Borderline Personality Disorder

A

core features include affective dysregulation, identity disturbances, and problems in social interaction, with an intense fear of loss, abandonment, or rejection by social partners

41
Q

BPD results in significant impairment in

A

identity
self-direction

42
Q
A
43
Q
A

Abnormal and Clinical Psych (3 decks)

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