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Abnormal and Clinical Psych > Finals Study Guide > Flashcards

Finals Study Guide Flashcards

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1
Q

How does PDD differ from MDD

A

higher rates of comorbidity
more chronic
less responsive to treatment

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2
Q

Double depression

A

refers to people facing PDD and MDD

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3
Q

CBASP

A

Cognitive behavioral analysis system of psychotherapy
1 - situational analysis
2 - interpersonal discrimination exercises
3 - behavioral skills training

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4
Q

Complications with PDD diagnosis

A

mild or moderate depression may feel normal to the person experiencing it
easy to miss PDD and diagnose MDE or another disorder

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5
Q

Bipolar I vs Bipolar II

A

in Bipolar I the mania is the primary cause of distress while in Bipolar II the depression is the primary cause of distress

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6
Q

Bipolar I criteria

A

mania or manic episode must last at least one week
may or may not precede or follow a depressive or hypomanic episode

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7
Q

Bipolar II criteria

A

the patient experiences a hypomanic episode and a current or past major depressive episode

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8
Q

DIGFAST Criteria for mania

A

Distractible
increased acitivity
grandiosity
flight of ideas
activities that are hazardous
sleep decrease
talkative or pressured speech

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9
Q

Treatment for Bipolar disorder

A

mood stabilizers
antipsychotics (if psychosis present)
antidepressants (often in conjunction with mood stabilizers)
psychotherapy

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10
Q

What is anxiety?

A

negative mood characterized by apprehension about the future and bodily symptoms of physical tension
associated with vigilance in preparation for future danger

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11
Q

How is anxiety different from developmentally normative fear?

A

anxiety is excessive or persisting beyond developmentally appropriate periods

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12
Q

What is a panic attack?

A

An abrupt surge of intense fear or discomfort that reaches a peak within minutes

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13
Q

Symptoms frequently experienced during a panic attack

A

accelerated heart rate or chest paints
sweating
trembling
shortness of breath/dizziness
feeling of choking/nausea
numbness or tingling
depersonalization
fear of going crazy or dying

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14
Q

Social Anxiety Disorder

A

overly concerned about the approval of other people to the point of avoiding social situations to avoid being scrutinized by others

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15
Q

Treatments for Anxiety

A

cognitive restructuring
medication - benzos and SSRIs

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16
Q

Specific Phobia Treatments

A

systematic desensitization

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17
Q

Systematic Desensitization

A

exposure therapy designed to treat fears and other negative emotional responses by introducing patients to fears under carefully controlled conditions

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18
Q

Generalized Anxiety Disorder Diagnostic Criteria

A

Excessive anxiety or worry occurring more days than not for at least 6 months
The individual finds it difficult to control the worry
Associated with physical symptoms such as
- restlnessness
- fatigue
- difficulty concentration
- muscle tension
- irritability

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19
Q

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for GAD focuses on identifying and correcting

A

cognitive distortions

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20
Q

Panic Disorder Critiera

A

recurrent unexpected panic attacks
at least one attack has been followed by persistent concern about additional attacks and/or significant maladaptive changes in behavior related to attacks

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21
Q

OCD Criteria

A

Presence of obsessions, compulsions, or both

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22
Q

What is an obsession?

A

recurrent and persistent thoughts, urgers, or images causing anxiety or distress

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23
Q

What is a compulsion?

A

repetitive behaviors that the individual feels driven to perform in response to an obsession; may not be logically connected or may be excessive in nature

24
Q

Treatment for OCD

A

CBT
Exposure and Response Prevention
SSRIs

25
Q

Causes of OCD

A

early life experiences and thought-action fusion

26
Q

Exposure and Response Prevention

A

a form of CBT with a behavioral focus teaching how to engage with triggering situations and is based on learning theory
expose people to the anxiety-provoking situations and prevent them from engaging in the compulsion, the anxiety will eventually come down

27
Q

How is Exposure and Response Prevention different from flooding?

A

Exposure and Response Prevention uses systematic hierarchy to not overwhelm the patient and is done in the presence of a therapist to mediate the anxiety response

28
Q

Trichotillomania

A

urge to pull out one’s hair from anywhere on the body
triggers include sensory, emotional, or automatic pulling

29
Q

Body Dysmorphic Disorder critiera

A

obsessive, intrusive, and repetitive thoughts related to one’s appearance
excessive time related to rituals (e.g. mirror checking or grooming)

30
Q

How is BDD similar to OCD?

A

obsessive and repetitive thoughts and compulsions
similar age of onset
similar associated anxiety and emotional distress

31
Q

Treatment for BDD

A

Cognitive behavioral therapy – thought restructuring

32
Q

Somatic Symptom Disorder criteria

A

present of distressing symptoms and abnormal thoughts, feeling, and behaviors in response to them
preoccupation with health and/or body appearance and functioning
no identifiable medical condition causing the physical complaints

33
Q

Conversion Disorder

A

one or more symptoms of altered voluntary motor or sensory function
evidence of incompatibility between symptoms and recognized medical conditions

34
Q

Treatments for Conversion Disorder

A

because it is typically associated with trauma, the patient may need to process the trauma

35
Q

Illness Anxiety

A

excessive worry about having or developing serious disease that has not been diagnosed
persistent anxiety and misinterpretation of symptoms and bodily sensations

36
Q

Risk factors for illness anxiety

A

serious childhood or family illness
history of anxiety disorders
undealt with trauma or frustration during childhood

37
Q

Treatments for Illness anxiety

A

cognitive behavioral approach - explore the relationship between thoughts, behaviors, and emotions and correct maladaptive patterns of thoughts and behaviors

38
Q

Factitious Disorder Imposed on Another (FDIA)

A

form of child abuse where parents of caregivers falsify accounts of illness and substantiate these accounts by inducing physical symptoms on child

39
Q

Dissociative Experiences are characterized by

A

dissociation - a disruption of usually integrated functions of memory, consciousness, identity, or perception of the environment
disconnect from feelings and people
lapses in memory and lost time

40
Q

Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder

A

depersonalization - feeling that your body doesn’t quite belong to you
derealization- feeling that you are disconnected from the world around you

feelings of depersonalization and derealization dominate and interfere with life functioning

41
Q

Dissociative Amnesia

A

psychogenic memory loss - generalized or local/sensitive
may involve dissociative fuge (sudden and brief move away from home or work without ability to recall past life and adopt a new identity)

42
Q

Dissociative Identity Disorder

A

individual experience two or more distinct identities or personality states, each with its own pattern of thinking about the self and the world
frequent gaps in memory of personal history
disruption involves changes in sense of self and loss of personal agency

43
Q

Treatment for DID

A

thought to be caused by severe and chronic trauma usually occurring during childhood so trauma should be processed and identities reintegrated

44
Q

Personality Disorder origins

A

thoughts to begin during childhood and tend to be chronic

45
Q

Diagnosis of a personality is made of the basis of the behavior being

A

pervasive, inflexible, stable, and of long duration

46
Q

Categories of PD

A

A - odd or eccentric
B - dramatic, emotional, erratic
C - anxiety is the significant component

47
Q

Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD) criteria

A

pathological personality traits in domains of antagonism and disinhibition
significant impairments in interpersonal functioning related to identity, self-direction, failure to conform to normative ethical behavior, empathy, and intimacy

48
Q

Treatments for ASPD

A

CBT
Medication - antipsychotics

49
Q

Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) criteria

A

significant impairments in functioning manifested in terms of unstable identity and self-direction

50
Q

Cyberball Study BPD

A

the study showed BPD patients felt more rejected than did healthy controls independent of the experimental conditions - even when being equally included

51
Q

Treatment Difficulties with BPD

A

patient prone to feel slighted or insulted
intense, unstable, and conflicted close relationships including with therapist

52
Q

Treatments for BPD

A

DBT
Stabilization and Skill Building
- target life-threatening behaviors, therapy-interfering behavior, and quality-of-life interfering behaviors

53
Q

Legal Issues - Confidentiality

A

Therapists cannot disclose information shared by patients during therapy sessions without the client’s explicit consent, except in the following situations:
- imminent risk of harm to self or others
- child or elder abuse
- in response to court order or subpoena

54
Q

Ethical Issues - Dual Relationships

A

Therapists should avoid dual relationships (professional role with patient and other relationship with patient or someone close to patient)

55
Q

Ethical Issues - Romantic/Sexual Relationships

A

Prior to engaging in relationships with former patients, therapists should consider the amount of time that has past since services terminated (min. 2 years), nature and duration of treatment, circumstances of termination, mental and emotional status of patient

56
Q

Legal Issues - Insanity

A

Insanity is a legal term reflecting the doctrine that people cannot be held fully responsible for their acts if they were so mentally incapacitated at the time of the acts that they could not conform to the rules of society

57
Q

Three Basis’ of Psychiatric Hospital Admission

A

informal - requests treatment and is admitted without formal or written application; free to leave at any time
voluntary - someone who is 16+ applies in writing for admission; can apply to leave and must be abided unless director believes the person meets requirements for involuntary admission
Involuntary/civil commitment - requires agreement of two professions made on the basis of being gravely disabled, dangerous to self or others

Abnormal and Clinical Psych (3 decks)

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