Section 13 - groups in the periodic table

Question 1

How is the periodic table arranged?

Answer 1

Elements with similar chemical or physical properties are in the same groups

Question 2

Where are alkali metals?

Answer 2

In group 1

Question 3

How are alkali metals similar to other metals?

Answer 3

They have similar physical properties, they ar malleable and conduct electricity

Question 4

How are alkalis only specific to themselves?

Answer 4

They have relatively low melting points / soft so they’re easy to cut / very reactive / readily form compounds with non-metals

Question 5

How do alkalis burn in their air and why?

Answer 5

They burn brightly / they’re easily oxidised

Question 6

What is the main products from alkali?

Answer 6

Hydrogen

Question 7

How does reactivity change when going down the alkali metals group?

Answer 7

They get more reactive

Question 8

What happens when lithium reacts with water?

Answer 8

Bubbles fiercely on the surface

Question 9

What happens when sodium reacts with water?

Answer 9

Melts into a ball and fizzes on the surface

Question 10

What happens when potassium reacts with water?

Answer 10

It bursts into flames and flies about the surface

Question 11

What do you looks at to explain the trend in reactivity in metal alkalis ?

Answer 11

Electronic configurations of alkali metal atoms

Question 12

Why are alkalis so reactive?

Answer 12

Because they have 1 outer electron on its outer shell which it is easily give up

Question 13

As you go down the groups and shells get added, what happens to the force of attraction between positive nucleus and negative outer electron?

Answer 13

The force of attraction decreases as they become further apart

Question 14

Why are alkalis easier to react as they go down the table?

Answer 14

Because the positive nucleus and negative electron loosen the force of attraction making it weaker so more likely to remove

Question 15

What is group 7 of the periodic table called?

Answer 15

Halogens

Question 16

What type of molecules do halogens exist in?

Answer 16

Diatomic molecules

Question 17

What is a diatomic molecule?

Answer 17

One atom held together by a single covalent bond

Question 18

State some properties of halogens

Answer 18

Non-metallic / poor conductors of heat and electricity

Question 19

Why do you need to take care when handling halogens?

Answer 19

They are all toxic and corrosive

Question 20

What happen to the m/b points and the densities when you go down group 7?

Answer 20

The melting/boiling points and the densities increase as you go down

Question 21

What colour is chlorine?

Answer 21

Green gas

Question 22

What colour is bromine?

Answer 22

Brown liquid

Question 23

What colour is iodine?

Answer 23

Purple/black solid

Question 24

What do halogens make when they react with metals?

Answer 24

Salts

Question 25

What do the salts made from halogens and metals contain?

Answer 25

Halide ions

Question 26

Name some uses for halide salts

Answer 26

Table salt / toothpastes / swimming pool disinfectant /

Question 27

What is the chemical compound for table salt?

Answer 27

Sodium chloride

Question 28

Why are halogens good disinfectants / bleaches?

Answer 28

They can kill microorganisms and remove colour from materials

Question 29

What is the test or chlorine?

Answer 29

Place damp litmus paper in chlorine gas, if chlorine is present it first turns red and then bleaches white

Question 30

What is formed when halogens and hydrogen is combined?

Answer 30

Hydrogen halides

Question 31

What can form an acidic solution?

Answer 31

Dissolving hydrogen halides in water

Question 32

Explain the steps of making water acidic with hydrogen and chlorine

Answer 32

Hydrogen and chlorine molecules collide and covalent bonds holding them together / covalent bongs between hydrogen and chlorine make new compound - hydrogen chloride / hydrogen chloride dissolved in water and break up molecules into H+ and Cl- — formation of H+ makes solution acidic

Question 33

What happens to the reactivity as you go down halogens group?

Answer 33

They get less reactive as they go down

Question 34

What does fluorine do to iron wool?

Answer 34

Burst into flames

Question 35

What does chlorine do to iron wool?

Answer 35

Glows brightly

Question 36

What does bromine do to iron wool?

Answer 36

Glows dull red

Question 37

What does iodine do to iron wool?

Answer 37

Hanged colour

Question 38

How else can you work out the order of reactivity of halogens?

Answer 38

Using displacement reactions

Question 39

What happens during a displacement reaction?

Answer 39

A more reactive element takes place of a less reactive element in the ionic compound (more reactive halogen displaces a less reactive halogen from a halide compound)

Question 40

What do we look at to explain the trend in reactivity for halogens?

Answer 40

Electronic configuration

Question 41

What is oxidation?

Answer 41

When a metal reacts with oxygen it loses electrons ‘LOSS OF ELECTRONS’

Question 42

What is reduction?

Answer 42

‘GAIN OF ELECTRONS’

Question 43

What does mnemonic ‘OILRIG’ mean?

Answer 43

Oxidation is loss reduction is gain

Question 44

What happens during displacement: reduction or oxidation?

Answer 44

Both - reduction-oxidation

Question 45

Because displacement has a oxidation and reduction at the same time, what type of reaction is this?

Answer 45

Redox reaction

Question 46

What is in group 0?

Answer 46

Noble gases

Question 47

State some properties of noble gases

Answer 47

Colourless / very low melting and boiling points / poor conductors if heat and electricity

Question 48

Why are noble gases unique?

Answer 48

They’re inert

Question 49

What does inert mean?

Answer 49

They don’t easily react with anything

Question 50

Why do noble gases has low b/m points?

Answer 50

Because they exist as single atoms so have no strong bonds between atoms

Question 51

What is krypton uses for?

Answer 51

Photography lighting - produces brilliant white light

Question 52

What is argon used for?

Answer 52

Denser than air - added to space in between then wine and the cork to stop oxygen in air reacting with wine

Question 53

How is helium useful?

Answer 53

Low density and is non-flammable so is sued in weather balloons

Question 54

How is neon useful?

Answer 54

Produces distinctive red-orange light when electricity passed through it - useful for long lasting illuminated signs

Question 55

Why are noble gases so unreactive?

Answer 55

They have a complete outer shell so they are already stable