section 11.3

Question 1

Alzheimer’s disease

Answer 1

another major cause of amnesia; the first sign is often a mild deterioration of memory. Progressive and eventually dementia develops and becomes so severe that the patient is in capable of even simple activities. Terminal.

Question 2

In addition to major anterograde and retrograde deficits in tests of explicit memory,

Answer 2

predementia Alzheimer’s patients often display deficits in short-term memory and in some types of implicit memory. Their implicit memory for verbal and perceptual material is often deficient, whereas their implicit memory for sensorimotor learning is not.

Question 3

The level of acetylcholine is greatly reduced, which results from the

Answer 3

degeneration off the basal forebrain (a midline area located just above the hypothalamus), which is the brain’s main source of acetylcholine.

Question 4

The brain damage associated with Alzheimer’s disease is extremely

Answer 4

diffuse and involves many areas, including the medial temporal lobe and the prefrontal cortex, which play major roles in memory. Thus, acetylcholine depletion is not the only factor.

Question 5

Damage to some structures of the basal forebrain produce

Answer 5

attentional deficits, which can easily be mistaken for memory problems.