Section 112 NBC Flashcards
what does NATO stand for
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
what color is the NBC chemical marker
yellow background with red text
what color is the NBC biological marker
blue background with red text
what color is the NBC radiological marker
white background with black text “ATOM”
what color is the NBC chemical minefield marker
red background with yellow texts “GAS MINE: and stripe
what shape are the NBC contamination markers
right isosceles triangle 90/45/45 11x8’’
what does the M40 FPM consist of
faceblank, filter canister, dual voicemitter assemblies, inlet/outlet valves and water drinking system
how is an NBC attack expressed vocally
GAS-GAS-GAS
how is an NBC attacked expressed visually
arms extended, fist to ears 3 times as the word GAS is said
how is an NBC attack expressed by percussion
metal on metal, metal triangles, sirens, intermittent horns
where should you rifle be placed when donning a FPM
between legs
where should headgear be placed when donning FPM
on rifle
what piece should be covered on the FPM to clear it
the outlet valve
the M40 FPM is designed to protect the wearer from what 2 things
field concentrations of chemical and biological agents
the FPM should be donned, cleared, and sealed with in what time frame
9 seconds + 6 sec to put hood in place
what lead to the concept of MOPP
the need to balance protection with the threat, temperature, and urgency of the mission
commander can adjust the MOPP protection through how many levels
6
what is “MOPP ready”
when mask is carried
what is MOPP level 0
MOPP gear available but not worn
how long does it take to use M256A1
approx. 15 mins
what advantage does M256A1 have over M8 and M9
can detect a greater number of agents to include vapor hazards
how many rolls of M9 tape are issued to a squad
1
where is M9 tape worn
ankles, wrists and biceps outside protective clothing
what is the purpose of M9 Tape
detect presence of chemical agents but not identify it
what is M9 tape primarily used on
barley visible droplets
what color will M9 tape turn once in contact with contamination
light pink, reddish brown or violet tint
what is M8 paper primarily used on
suspected liquid forms
how much M8 paper should be used to test liquid
half sheet if perforated
what can some decontaminants produce on M8 papers
false positives
what are the 3 levels of decontamination
immediate, operational, thorough
what are the 3 immediate decon techniques
skin decon, personnel wipe down, operators spray down
what are the 2 operational decon techniques
vehicle wash down, MOPP gear exchange
what are the 3 thorough decon techniques
detailed troop, detailed equipment, detailed aircraft
during nuclear attack one should lay down with the head in what direction
toward the blast
during a nuclear attack one should lay face down for how long
90 seconds or until debris has stopped falling
what are the physical characteristics of nerve agents
odorless, almost colorless liquids, varying greatly in viscosity and volatility
nerve agents can penetrate cloth in what form
liquid or vapor
what material is resistant to nerve agents
butyl rubber and synthetics such as polyester
what do nerve agents inhibit
normal transmission of nerve impulses in the parasympathetic autonomic nervous system
nerve agent reaction with cholinesterase tends to be
irreversible
when will nerve agents cause the pupils to constrict
when intoxicated by vapor
when will nerve agents cause local muscular twitching
exposure to skin
nerve agent antidotes should not be given for what purpose
preventative
service members are issued how many 2mg atropine auto injectors
3
service members are issued how many 600mg 2-PAM CL
3
atropine should be administered how frequently
every 15 mins until atropinization occurs ( noted by tachycardia and dry mouth)
what will atropine alone not relieve
respiratory muscle failure
pralidoxime chloride is used to regenerate what
blocked cholinesterase
atropine should be held firmly at the injection site for at least how long
10 seconds
non medical personnel may give how many sets of 2-PAM CL
3 at 15 min intervals PRN
what are the 3 common blister agents
mustard (HD), Nitrogen Mustard ( HN), Lewisite (L)
when do mustards manifest symptoms
several hours after exposure
what do mustards attack
eyes, respiratory tract, skin
treatment for mustard
none (supportive in nature)
what are the physical characteristics of mustard (blister) agents
oily, colorless, or pale yellow liquids, sparingly soluble in water. HN less volatile and more persistent than HD
photophobia is caused by what agent
Mustard (blister)
mustard causes blistering in what time frame
12-48 hours
lewisite is an
arsenical
what are the physical characteristics of lewisite
light to dark brown liquid that vaporizes quickly
when does lewisite cause intense pain
upon contact
a 30% solution of sodium sulfacetamide may be used within 24 hours to combat what
eye infection caused by lewisite
when is British ant-lewisite indicated
systemic involvement of lewisite
what is available in a peanut oil suspension for injection
dimercaprol
greater than 3mg of BAL will cause what
severe symptoms
what do blood agents interfere with
enzyme functions i.e. block oxygen transfer
what is the blood agent AC
hydrocyanic acid
what is the blood agent CK
cyanogen chloride
when are blood agents in a gaseous state
normal temperatures and pressures
when do violent convulsions occur after exposure to blood agents
20-30 seconds
what are the 2 suggested antidotes for blood agents
amyl nitrite, sodium thiosulfate
what odor is associated with blood agents
almonds
how is amyl nitrite used
2 ampules crushed in hand and held at victims nose (repeated up to 8 ampules)
how is sodium thiosulfate administered
100-200 mg.kg IV over 9 minutes (speed is key)
state four choking agents
Phosgene (CG) - most common
Chlorine (CL)
Chloropicrin
Diphosgene
what are the physical characteristics of choking agents
colorless gas, smells like new mown hay or cut grass
when exposed to choking agent there may be no symptoms for up to how long
2-6 hours
what is the treatment for choking agents
complete bed rest
incapacitating agents are mainly comprised of what
psycho chemicals
how are incapacitating agents administered
contaminating food/water, released as aerosols
how soon do the first symptoms appear when exposed to incapacitating agents
30 mins to several hours
what is the standard incapacitant in the US
3-quinuclidinyl benzilate (BZ)
what is the drug of choice for incapacitating agents
physostigmine (results show in 4 hours but must be continued)
what are 2 categories of harassing agents
lacrimators/ vomiting agents
what are 2 types of tear gas
chloracetophenone (CN) orthochlorobenzilidine malanonitrile (CS) - more potent
what are 3 principle vomiting agents
adamsite (DM)
diphenylchloroarsine (DA)
diphenylcyanoarsine (DC)
how are vomiting agents released
aerosols
what are S/S of vomiting agents
strong pepper-like irritation in upper respiratory tract, burning in nose/throat, hypersalivation, headache
why do victims of vomiting agents tend to remove their mask
symptoms increase for several mins in spite of adequate protection
how should duties be carried out when exposed to vomiting agents
as vigorously as possible
what first aid is given for vomiting agents
wash and rinse with water, mild analgesic may be given for headache (recovery within 1-3 hours)
what are the characteristics of white phosphorus (WP)
pale, waxy solid that ignites on contact with air which gives off a hot dense smoke composed of phosphorus pentoxide particles
what treatment should be rendered when burning particles of (WP) embed in the skin
covered with water, a wet cloth or mud
A 0.5% solution of copper sulfate may be used as a rinse but not dressing
