Section 112 NBC Flashcards
What color is NBC chemical marker?
Yellow background with Red lettering
What color is the NBC biological marker?
Blue background with Red text
What color is the NBC radiological marker?
White background with Black text “ATOM”
What color is the NBC contamination marker?
Right Isosceles triangle 90/45/45 11x18
What color is the NBC chemical minefield marker?
Red background with Yellow text “GAS MINES” and stripe
What does the M40 FPM consist of?
Face blank, filter canister, dual voicemitter assemblies, inlet/outlet valves, and water drinking system
How is NBC attack expressed vocally?
GAS GAS GAS
How is NBC attack expressed physically?
Fist to ears 3 times
How is an NBC attack expressed through percussion?
Metal on metal, metal triangles, sirens, intermittent horns
Where should your rifle be placed when donning a FPM?
Between legs
Where should head gear be placed while donning the FPM?
On your rifle
What piece should be covered on the FPM to clear it?
The outlet valve
The M40 FPM is designed to protect the wearer from what 2 things?
Field concentrations of chemical and biological agents
The FPM should be donned, cleared, and sealed within what time frame?
9 sec, add 6 to put hood in place.
What led to the concept of MOPP?
The need to balance protection with the threat, temperature, and urgency of the mission.
Commanders can adjust the MOPP Protection through how many levels?
6
What is MOPP ready?
When mask is carried
What is MOPP level 0?
MOPP gear available but not worn
How long does it take to use M256A1?
Approximately 15min
What advantage does M256A1 have over M8 and M9?
Can conduct a greater number of agents to include vapor hazards.
How many rolls of M9 paper are issued to the squad?
1
Where is M9 tape worn?
Ankles, wrists, and biceps outside protective clothing
What is the purpose of M9 tape?
Detect presence of chemical agents but not identify it
What is M9 tape primarily used on?
Barely visible droplets
What color will the M9 tape turn once in contact with the contamination?
Light pink, reddish brown, or violet tint
What is M8 primarily used on?
Suspected liquid forms
How much M8 paper should be used to test a liquid?
Half sheet if perforated
What can decontaminates produce on M8 paper?
False positives
What are the 3 levels of decontamination?
Immediate,operational,thorough
What are the 3 immediate decon techniques?
Skin decon, personal wipe down, operators spray down
What are the 2 operation decon techniques?
Vehicle wash down, MOPP gear exchange
What are the 3 thorough decon techniques?
Detailed troop, detailed equipment, detailed aircraft
During a nuclear attack one should lay down with head in what direction?
Toward the blast
During a nuclear blast one should lay down for how long?
90 seconds or until debris has stopped falling
What are the physical characteristics of a nerve agents?
Odorless, colorless, varying in viscosity and volatility
Nerve agents can penetrate cloth in what form?
Liquid or vapor
What material is resistant to nerve agents?
Butyl rubber, synthetics such as polyester
What do nerve agents inhibit?
Normal transmissions of nerve impulses in the parasympathetic autonomic nervous system
Nerve agents reaction with cholinesterase tends to be what?
Irreversible
When will nerve agents cause the pupils to constrict?
When intoxicated by vapor
When will nerve agents cause local muscular twitching?
Exposure to skin
Nerve agent antidotes should not be given as what?
Preventative
Service members are issued how many 2mg atropine auto injectors?
Three
Service members are issued how many 600mg 2-Pam-CL auto injectors?
Three
Atropine should be administered how frequently?
Every 15 min
What will atropine alone not relieve?
Respiratory muscle failure
Pralidoxime chloride is used to regenerate what?
Blocked cholinesterase
Atropine should be held firmly at injection site for how long?
10 seconds
Nonmedical personnel may give how many sets of 2-PAM-CL?
3 at 15min intervals
What are the three common blister agents?
Mustard (HD), Nitrogen Mustard (HN), lewisite (L)
When do mustards manifest symptoms?
Several hours after exposure
What do mustards attack?
Eyes, respiratory tract, skin
Treatment for mustard?
Supportive in nature
What are the physical characteristics of blister agents?
Oily, colorless, or play yellow liquids, HN less volatile than HD
Photophobia is caused by what agent?
Blister (mustard)
Mustard causes blisters in what time frame?
12-48 hours
Lewisite is a what?
Arsenical
What are the physical characteristics of lewisite?
Light of dark brown liquid that vaporized quickly
When does lewisite cause intense pain?
Upon contact
A 30% solution of sodium sulfacetamide may be used within 24 hours to combat what?
Eye infection caused by lewisite
When is British anti lewisite indicated?
Systemic involvement of lewisite
What is available in peanut oil for injection?
Dimercaprol
Greater than 3mg of BAL will cause what?
Severe symptoms
What do blood agents interfere with?
Enzyme function, blocking oxygen transfer
What is the blood agent AC?
Hydrocyanic acid
What is the blood agent CK?
Cyanogen chloride
When are blood agents in a gaseous state?
Normal temperatures, and pressures
When do violent convulsions start after a blood agent is exposed?
20-30 seconds
What are the two suggested antidotes for blood agents?
Amyl nitrate, sodium thiosulfate
What odor is associated with blood agents?
Almonds
How is amyl nitrate used?
2 ampules crushed in hand and held in victims nose repeat up to 8 ampules
How is sodium thiosulfate administered?
100mg/kg IV over 9 min
State four choking agents.
Phosgene CG
Chlorine CL most common
Chloropicrin
Diphosgene
What are the physical characteristics of choking agents?
Colorless gas, smells of freshly mown hay or grass
How long before symptoms may set in for choking agents?
2-6 hours
What is the treatment of choking agents?
Bed rest
Incapacitating agents are primarily comprised of what?
Psycho chemicals
How are incapacitating agents administered?
Contaminating food/water, or released as an aerosol
How soon will symptoms appear after an incapacitating agent?
30 min to several hours
What is the standard incapacitant in the US?
BZ
What is the drug of choice for incapacitant agents?
Physostigmine
What are two categories of harassing agents?
Lacrimators, vomiting agents
What are two types of tear gas?
CN
CS
What are three principle vomiting agents?
Adamsite DM
Diphenhlchloroarsine DA
Diphenhlcyanoarsine DC
How are vomiting agents released?
Aerosol
What are the S/S of vomiting agents?
Pepper like irritation to upper Respitory tract, burning in nose and throat, hyper saliva, headache
Why do victims of vomiting agents tend to remove their mask?
Symptoms increase for several minutes despite protection
How should duties be carried out when exposed to vomiting agents?
As vigoursly as possible
What first aid is given for vomiting agents?
Wash and rinse, mild analgesic for headache
What are the characteristics of White Phosphorous (WP)?
Pale, waxy solid that ignites on contact with air which gives off a hot dense smoke composed of phosphorous particles.
What treatment should be rendered when WP particles Inbed in the skin?
Covered with water, a wet cloth or mud
What does NATO stand for?
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
