Section 102 Marine Corps History Flashcards
Whe was the USMC created?
November 10th 1775.
What year did the USMC come under the DON?
1834
What year was the national security act created and amended?
Created in 1947, Amended in 1952.
What year did the marines invade New Providence?
1776
What nickname did the marines receive during the revolutionary war in 1776?
Leathernecks.
Who did the marines attack at Burma on the shores of Tripoli?
Barbary pirates in 1805.
What year did the marines occupy the halls of Montezuma?
1847
Who was in command at Harpers Ferry?
Colonel Robert E. Lee in 1959.
When did the USMC adopt the EGA.
1868
Who modified the British Royal Marine emblem?
Brigadier General Jacob Zeilin, 7th commandant. .
What was adopted in 1883?
The official motto of the USMC Semper Fidelis meaning always faithful.
What year was the Boxer rebellion?
1900
What did the marines protect during the boxer rebellion?
The Legation Quarter against attack.
What year did the USMC establish its aviation unit?
1913
Who was the USMC first pilot?
Major Alfred A. Cunningham
What year were the 5th and 6th marines awarded the french forragere?
1917
What year was the USMC reorganized into FMF?
1933
What did the FMF formerly establish?
Command and administrative relations.
What was established at Quantico, VA?
The marine corps equipment board.
Where did the marines land in 1965?
Vietnam and Dominican Republic.
What did the marines participate in during the Vietnam war?
Pacification program designed to support the local populace.
Who did the marines evacuate from the Dominican Republic?
U.S. Citizens
What year did marines deploy to Lebanon?
1982
Why did marines go to Lebanon
To restore peace.
What was the date of the suicide bombing in Lebanon?
October 23 1983
How many casualties resulted from the Lebanon bombing?
241 KIA, 70 WIA
What was the withdraw date from Lebanon?
July 1984
What year was Operation Desert Storm?
1991
Why was Desert storm launched?
Iraqi government refused to comply with the united nations resolutions.
What is the official name for the war in Afghanistan?
OEF
How and on what date did OEF begin?
A mix of strikes from US and British air and submarines. It All began October 7th 2001
What dates make up the invasion of Iraq?
March 20th to May 1st, 2003
Who were the US allies during the invasion of Iraq?
Australia, Poland and the kingdom
When was the first battle of Fallujah?
April 2004
What was the operation name of the first battle of Fallujah?
Operation Vigilant Resolve
What date was teh second battle of Fallujah?
November and December 2004
What operations made up the second battle of Fallujah?
Al-Fajr (Arabic for The Dawn), Phantom Fury.
The Battle of Belleu Wood occurred during which war?
WW1
What did the french rename Belleu Wood?
The wood of the brigade of marines.
German intelegence evaluated the marines as what?
Storm Troopers
Germans referred to marines as what?
Teufelhunden or Devil Dogs.
What date was the battle of Guadalcanal?
August 7th 1942
Where was the first US land offensive of WW2?
Guadalcanal in the Solomon Islands.
What was the first two “firsts” in the battle of Guadalcanal?
1st US land offensive of WW2.
1st combat test of the new amphibious doctrine.
Why was the battle of Guadalcanal a turning point of the war in the pacific?
Provided a base to launch further invasions.
Amphibious landings took place on what 3 islands after Guadalcanal?
New Georgia, Choiseul (feint), Bougainville
A Japanese commander claimed, “it will take a million Americans 100 years to conquer” what islands?
Tarawa Atoll, Beito Island.
What date did the marines land on Tarawa?
November 20th 1943
How long did it take to secure Tarawa atoll?
76 hours
Why was the battle of Tarawa so deadly?
Extended reef forced marines to offload hundreds of yards from the beaches which subjected them to gunfire and drowning.
What islands make up the Mariana’s?
Saipan, Guam, Tinian
What year were the Mariana islands invaded?
Summer 1943
Why were the Marianas invaded?
To provide needed Air force and Navy bases
Who landed the invasion at Tinian?
LT General Holland M. Smith
LT General Smith’s invasion force totaled how many marines and soldiers?
136,000
When was the battle of Iwo Jima?
February 19th 1945
How many casualties did the USMC suffer during Iwo Jima?
23,300
What did admiral Chester W. Nimitz say regarding Iwo Jima?
Among the Americans who served on Iwo island, uncommon valor was a common virtue.
The battle of Chosin Reservoir took place during what year?
November 1950
Who cut off the marines during the battle of Chosin Reservoir?
Chinese communist forces.
How many divisions did the marines destroy during the battle of Chosin Reservoir?
7 out of the 10
What was the Major significance of the retrograde movement during Chosin?
The marines brought out all operable equipment, properly evacuated wounded and dead, maintained tactical integrity.
What date was the battle of Hue city?
January 1968
What two cities were occupied during the holiday of TET?
Hue and Citadel
Hue city was the first time marines fought in built up areas since what war?
Korean
How was the progress measured during the battle of Hue city?
Yards
What date was Hue city secured?
February 25th 1968
What year did Brevet Brigidiar General Archibald Henderson become commandant?
1820
How long did General Henderson hold his command?
39 years
What year did General Henderson die?
1859
General Henderson led marines through what events?
Indian wars, War with Mexico, opening of China, Disorders in Central America.
What was Archibald Henderson nickname?
Grand Old Man of the marine corps.
What 3 higher standards did General Henderson introduce?
Appearance, Training, and Discipline.
General Henderson believed that marines were capable of more than what duties?
Sea and guard.
Sgt Major Quick is remembered for what performance?
Cuzco Well (Guantanamo Bay, Cuba), Helped seize an advanced base for the Atlantic fleet battalion of marines.
Why was Sgt Major Quick awarded the Medal of Honor?
Semaphoring for an emergency lift of the naval bombardment while under Spanish and american shellfire.
What year did the capture and defense of advanced bases become the primary mission of the USMC?
1898
What is Gunny Dan Daly remembered for saying during the battle of Belleau wood?
“Come on, you sons of bitches, do you want to live forever?”
Where did Sgt Major Daly earn two Medals of Honor?
Chinese Boxer Rebellion, First Caco war in Haiti.
How many marines were with Chesty Puller from Nicaragua to the Honduran border?
32
Who is recognized for prowess in aerial dogfights?
Major Gregory R. “Pappy” Boyington
Major Boyington was in command of what?
VMH-214, the “Black sheep”
How many kills did Major Boyington have?
28 by 1945
Who was in command of Ira Hayes?
Major General Harry Schmidt
Ira H. Hayes was a member of what amphibious Corps of marines?
5th
What kind of Indian was Ira Hayes?
Pima
How was Corporal Hays immortalized?
The second flag raising on February 23rd 1945 on Iwo Jima.
Who was the USMC’s 1st enlisted woman?
Opha Mae Johnson
What date did Private Johnson enlist?
August 13th 1918
What was the official title of female enlisted marines?
Marine reserve (F)
What were the two common titles for female enlisted marines?
Skirt marines, Marinettes
Who served as Director of woman Marines?
Colonel Margaret A. Brewer
What period did Colonel Brewer serve as director of Woman marines?
1973-1977
When did Brigadier General Margaret A. Brewer become the Corps’ first general officer?
May 11th 1978
What was John H. Bradley’s rate/rank?
Pharmacist’s Mate Second Class
Joe Rosenthal’s photo was used on posters to fund what?
7th War Loan bond drive
What flag raising did John Bradley participate in?
The second one.
How did John Bradley earn the Navy Cross?
Rushed through mortar and machine gun fire to shield a marine with his own body, administer plasma, bandage wounds and drag the casualty 30yds to safety.
Who did Robert R. Ingram serve with?
Company C, First battalion, Seventh marines.
Robert Ingram was a Medal of Honor recipient for actions on what date?
March 28th 1966 in Vietnam
How many bullet wounds did Robert Ingram sustain?
4
At what distance should a salute be rendered?
At least 6 paces, but no more than 30.
