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WGU D312 - Anatomy and Physiology I > Section 1.1 Organization and Structure of the Body > Flashcards

Section 1.1 Organization and Structure of the Body Flashcards

1
Q

The smallest independently functioning unit of a living organism

A

Cell

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2
Q

Any of several different types of membrane-enclosed specialized structures in the cell that perform specific functions for the cell

A

Organelles

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3
Q

A group of many similar cells that work together to perform a specific function

A

Tissue

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4
Q

An anatomically distinct structure of the body composed of two or more tissue types

A

Organ

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5
Q

A group of organs that work together to perform major functions or meet physiological needs of the body

A

Organ System

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6
Q

A living being that has a cellular structure and that can independently perform all physiologic functions necessary for life

A

Organism

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7
Q

Type of tissue that serves primarily as a covering or lining of body parts, protecting the body; it also functions in absorption, transport, and secretion

A

Epithelial Tissue
or
Epithelium

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8
Q

Type of tissue that serves to hold in place, connect, and integrate the body’s organs and systems

A

Connective Tissue

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9
Q

Type of tissue that can contract and generate tension in response to stimulation; produces movement.

A

Muscle Tissue

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10
Q

Type of tissue that can send and receive impulses through electrochemical signals.

A

Nervous Tissue

Impulse comes from the nervous system

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11
Q

Sheets of cells that cover exterior surfaces of the body, line internal cavities and passageways, and form certain glands.

A

Epithelial Tissue

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12
Q

Binds the cells and organs of the body together and functions in the protection, support, and integration of all parts of the body.

A

Connective Tissue

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13
Q

What are the three major types of muscle tissue?

A

Skeletal (voluntary) muscle
Smooth muscle
and
Cardiac muscle

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14
Q

Responds to stimulation and contracting to provide movement

A

Muscle Tissue

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15
Q

Allows the propagation of electrochemical signals in the form of nerve impulses that communicate between different regions of the body

A

Nervous Tissue

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16
Q

What are the four types of tissue?

A

Epithelial tissue
Connective tissue
Muscular tissue
Nervous tissue

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17
Q

An anatomically distinct structure of the body composed of two or more tissue types

A

Organ

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18
Q

What are the 11 systems in the human body?

A

Digestive
Urinary
Lymphatic
Cardiovascular
Integumentary
Muscular
Endocrine
Respiratory
Skeletal
Reproductive
Nervous

Dulcimers = RN

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19
Q

This system consists of the skin and the associated skin components, such as hair, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, and nails

A

Integumentary System

20
Q

This system protects the body from the external environment, excretes metabolic waste, helps to make vitamin D, and detects pain, touch, dehydration, and changes in temperature.

A

Integumentary System

21
Q

This system consists of the bones and cartilage associated joints

A

Skeletal System

22
Q

This system protects the body, provides support and a framework for muscles to act upon, contains bone marrow for blood cells to develop in, and stores minerals such as calcium.

A

Skeletal System

23
Q

This system consists primarily of skeletal muscle, but there are also two other types of muscle: cardiac muscle found in the heart and smooth muscle found within the viscera, including the alimentary canal and the walls of blood vessels.

A

Muscular System

24
Q

This system enables the body to move by the action of opposing contraction and relaxation. It also maintains posture and plays a role in thermoregulation.

A

Muscular System

25
Q

This system includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and special sense organs (e.g., eyes, ears, and taste buds)

A

Nervous System

26
Q

What are the two sub-systems of the Nervous System?

A

Central Nervous System
and
Peripheral Nervous System

27
Q

This system detects changes in the internal and external environment, encoding them into electrical impulses, and transmitting them along the nerves.

A

Nervous System

28
Q

This system processes electrical impulses and making decisions, either consciously or unconsciously.

A

Nervous System

29
Q

This system activates muscles or glands to induce an appropriate response to the initial stimulus.

A

Nervous System

30
Q

This system alters the metabolism of target cells.

A

Endocrine System

31
Q

This system consists of the blood, heart, and blood vessels

A

Cardiovascular System

32
Q

This system pumps blood around the body through the blood vessels to deliver oxygen and nutrients to cells and remove metabolic waste from cells.

A

Cardiovascular System

33
Q

This system regulates the water content of body fluids, the acid-base balance, and the temperature of the body.

A

Cardiovascular System

34
Q

This system is responsible for transporting various substances; it takes lipids from the gastrointestinal tract to the blood and transports excess proteins and fluids back to the bloodstream.

A

Lymphatic System

35
Q

This system is responsible for the development of lymphocytes, the cells responsible for fighting disease.

A

Lymphatic System

36
Q

This system consists of air passageways: the pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and lungs.

A

Respiratory System

37
Q

This system is responsible for oxygen and carbon dioxide gas exchange with the blood and also involved in the regulation of acid-base balance and sound production.

A

Respiratory System

38
Q

This system consists of the the oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, and small and large intestine, as well as the salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.

A

Digestive System

39
Q

This system is responsible for the breakdown of ingested food, both physically and chemically, so that nutrients can be absorbed.

A

Digestive System

40
Q

This system is involved in the absorption of water and removal of undigested food.

A

Digestive System

41
Q

This system helps to maintain the fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance.

A

Digestive System

42
Q

This system consists of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra.

A

Urinary System

43
Q

This system filters blood to extract metabolic waste and maintain the acid-base and mineral balance.

A

Urinary System

44
Q

This system helps to regulate the production of red blood cells.

A

Urinary System

45
Q

This system contains the gonads (ovaries), uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, clitoris, labia, and mammary glands.

A

Female/AFAB Reproductive System

46
Q

This system contains the gonads (testes), epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct, various accessory glands, urethra, penis, and scrotum.

A

Male/AMAB Reproductive System

47
Q

A living being that has a cellular structure and that can independently perform all physiologic functions necessary for life.

A

Organism

WGU D312 - Anatomy and Physiology I (4 decks)

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