Section 1.1 Organization and Structure of the Body Flashcards
The smallest independently functioning unit of a living organism
Cell
Any of several different types of membrane-enclosed specialized structures in the cell that perform specific functions for the cell
Organelles
A group of many similar cells that work together to perform a specific function
Tissue
An anatomically distinct structure of the body composed of two or more tissue types
Organ
A group of organs that work together to perform major functions or meet physiological needs of the body
Organ System
A living being that has a cellular structure and that can independently perform all physiologic functions necessary for life
Organism
Type of tissue that serves primarily as a covering or lining of body parts, protecting the body; it also functions in absorption, transport, and secretion
Epithelial Tissue
or
Epithelium
Type of tissue that serves to hold in place, connect, and integrate the body’s organs and systems
Connective Tissue
Type of tissue that can contract and generate tension in response to stimulation; produces movement.
Muscle Tissue
Type of tissue that can send and receive impulses through electrochemical signals.
Nervous Tissue
Impulse comes from the nervous system
Sheets of cells that cover exterior surfaces of the body, line internal cavities and passageways, and form certain glands.
Epithelial Tissue
Binds the cells and organs of the body together and functions in the protection, support, and integration of all parts of the body.
Connective Tissue
What are the three major types of muscle tissue?
Skeletal (voluntary) muscle
Smooth muscle
and
Cardiac muscle
Responds to stimulation and contracting to provide movement
Muscle Tissue
Allows the propagation of electrochemical signals in the form of nerve impulses that communicate between different regions of the body
Nervous Tissue
What are the four types of tissue?
Epithelial tissue
Connective tissue
Muscular tissue
Nervous tissue
An anatomically distinct structure of the body composed of two or more tissue types
Organ
What are the 11 systems in the human body?
Digestive
Urinary
Lymphatic
Cardiovascular
Integumentary
Muscular
Endocrine
Respiratory
Skeletal
Reproductive
Nervous
Dulcimers = RN
This system consists of the skin and the associated skin components, such as hair, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, and nails
Integumentary System
This system protects the body from the external environment, excretes metabolic waste, helps to make vitamin D, and detects pain, touch, dehydration, and changes in temperature.
Integumentary System
This system consists of the bones and cartilage associated joints
Skeletal System
This system protects the body, provides support and a framework for muscles to act upon, contains bone marrow for blood cells to develop in, and stores minerals such as calcium.
Skeletal System
This system consists primarily of skeletal muscle, but there are also two other types of muscle: cardiac muscle found in the heart and smooth muscle found within the viscera, including the alimentary canal and the walls of blood vessels.
Muscular System
This system enables the body to move by the action of opposing contraction and relaxation. It also maintains posture and plays a role in thermoregulation.
Muscular System
This system includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and special sense organs (e.g., eyes, ears, and taste buds)
Nervous System
What are the two sub-systems of the Nervous System?
Central Nervous System
and
Peripheral Nervous System
This system detects changes in the internal and external environment, encoding them into electrical impulses, and transmitting them along the nerves.
Nervous System
This system processes electrical impulses and making decisions, either consciously or unconsciously.
Nervous System
This system activates muscles or glands to induce an appropriate response to the initial stimulus.
Nervous System
This system alters the metabolism of target cells.
Endocrine System
This system consists of the blood, heart, and blood vessels
Cardiovascular System
This system pumps blood around the body through the blood vessels to deliver oxygen and nutrients to cells and remove metabolic waste from cells.
Cardiovascular System
This system regulates the water content of body fluids, the acid-base balance, and the temperature of the body.
Cardiovascular System
This system is responsible for transporting various substances; it takes lipids from the gastrointestinal tract to the blood and transports excess proteins and fluids back to the bloodstream.
Lymphatic System
This system is responsible for the development of lymphocytes, the cells responsible for fighting disease.
Lymphatic System
This system consists of air passageways: the pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and lungs.
Respiratory System
This system is responsible for oxygen and carbon dioxide gas exchange with the blood and also involved in the regulation of acid-base balance and sound production.
Respiratory System
This system consists of the the oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, and small and large intestine, as well as the salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.
Digestive System
This system is responsible for the breakdown of ingested food, both physically and chemically, so that nutrients can be absorbed.
Digestive System
This system is involved in the absorption of water and removal of undigested food.
Digestive System
This system helps to maintain the fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance.
Digestive System
This system consists of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra.
Urinary System
This system filters blood to extract metabolic waste and maintain the acid-base and mineral balance.
Urinary System
This system helps to regulate the production of red blood cells.
Urinary System
This system contains the gonads (ovaries), uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, clitoris, labia, and mammary glands.
Female/AFAB Reproductive System
This system contains the gonads (testes), epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct, various accessory glands, urethra, penis, and scrotum.
Male/AMAB Reproductive System
A living being that has a cellular structure and that can independently perform all physiologic functions necessary for life.
Organism
