Section 1: Superficial and Intermediate Back

Question 1

Tissue layer for skin to muscle

Answer 1

Epidermis -> Dermis -> Superficial facia -> Deep (investing) fascia -> Muscle

Question 2

Trapezium

Answer 2

Or: Medical 1/3 of superior nuchal line, External occipital protuberance, Nuchal Ligament, Spinous process of C7-T12

Ins: Lateral third of clavicle, acromion, Spine of scapula

Inv: CN XI: Spinal Accessory Nerve (C3, C4 spinal nerves)

BS: Superficial branch of the transverse cervical artery (arises from the thyrocervical trunk of the subclavian artery)

Action: Elevates, depresses, retracts, and rotates the scapula

Question 3

Ligamentum Nuchae

Answer 3

Continuous with the Supraspinous ligament and extends from the EOP to the spinous process of C7. The Trap. and splenius capitis attach

Question 4

Latissimus Dorsi

Answer 4

Or: Spinous Processes of T7-T12, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, and inferior 3 or 4 ribs

Ins: Floor of the intertubercular sulcus (bicipital groove) of the humerus

Inv: Thoracodorsal nerve (C6, C7, C8)
BS: Thoracodorsal Artery (branch of Subscapular artery arising from axillary artery)

Action: Extends, adducts, and medially rotates humerus, raises body toward arms during climbing

Question 5

Levator Scapulae

Answer 5

Or: Posterior tubercles of TRANSVERSE processes of C1-C4

Ins: Superior angle of the scapula

Inv: Dorsal Scapular nerve (C4, C5) arises from brachial plexus

BS: Dorsal scapular artery (deep branch of transverse cervical artery)

Action: Elevates scapula and rotates its glenoid cavity inferiorly by rotating scapula

Question 6

Rhomboid Minor

Answer 6

Or: Nuchal ligament, spinous processes of C7-T1 vertebrae

Ins: Medial border of scapula

Inv: Dorsal scapular nerve (C4, C5* of B.P.)

BS: Dorsal Scapular artery (deep branch of transverse cervical artery)

Action: Retract scapula, fix scapula to thoracic wall

Question 7

Rhomboid Major

Answer 7

Or: Spinous processes of C2-T5 vertebrae

Ins: Medial border of scapula

Inv: Dorsal scapular nerve (C4, C5* of B.P.)

BS: Dorsal Scapular artery (deep branch of transverse cervical artery)

Action: Retract scapula, fix scapula to thoracic wall

Question 8

Serratus Posterior Superior

Answer 8

Or: Spinous processes C7-T3

Ins: Ribs 2-5

Inv: Intercostal Nerves 2-5

BS: Intercostal Arteries

Actions: Elevates ribs

Question 9

Serratus Posterior Inferior

Answer 9

Or: Spinous process of T11-L2

Ins: Ribs 9-12

Inv: Intercostal Nerves 9-12

BS: Intercostal Arteries

Actions: Depresses ribs