Section 1: Professional Development and Responsibility

Question 1

Atherosclerosis

Answer 1

The processes by which plaque is formed in arteries leading to reduced blood flow.

Atherosclerosis is the most common type of heart disease that can directly result in heart attacks and strokes.

Question 2

Ischemic heart disease

Answer 2

A category of heart-related problems caused by the narrowing of coronary arteries, which supply blood and oxygen to the heart muscle.

Question 3

Arrhythmia

Answer 3

A problem with the rate or rhythm of a person’s heartbeat. The heart beats too quickly, too slowly, or with an irregular pattern.

Question 4

Heart valve problem

Answer 4

A condition that occurs when one or more heart valves do not function properly, causing shortness of breath and reduced oxygen supply to the body.

Question 5

Heart failure

Answer 5

A condition in which the heart can’t pump enough blood to meet the body’s needs.

Question 6

Heart attack

Answer 6

The action that occurs when an artery supplying the heart with blood and oxygen becomes blocked; medically known as a myocardial infarction.

Question 7

Stroke

Answer 7

A sudden lack of blood supply to the brain, caused by either a blockage in an artery or ruptured blood vessel.

Question 8

Acute disease vs. chronic disease

Answer 8

Acute disease is any suddenly occurring medical condition that can be treated and healed in a short period of time.

A chronic disease is a medical condition that persists without quickly going away or being cured altogether.

Question 9

Hypertension

Answer 9

one of the primary risk factors for heart disease and stroke, which are the
global leading causes of death

Question 10

Cholesterol

Answer 10

waxy substance found in the blood that is made up of a combination of
protein and fatty acids

Question 11

Diabetes

Answer 11

a disease in which blood glucose levels are too high. Glucose comes from the
foods we eat

Question 12

Insulin

Answer 12

hormone produced by the pancreas that helps glucose get into cells to provide
the energy for work

Question 13

Cancer

Answer 13

an abnormal growth of cells that can result from a wide range of genetic and
environmental factors

Question 14

COPD

Answer 14

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
A general term used to describe progressive lung diseases, including emphysema, chronic bronchitis, and refractory (nonreversible) asthma.

an umbrella term for lung diseases characterized by increased breathlessness,
airflow limitation, and accelerated decline of lung function

Question 15

Two of the most common issues at the foot and ankle

Answer 15

sprains and plantar fasciitis

An ankle sprain occurs when a person rolls, twists, or turns an ankle, which stretches or tears ligaments, whereas plantar fasciitis causes pain in the plantar fascia tissue located on the underside of the foot.

Question 16

What is LPHC? Why is it important?

Answer 16

lumbo-pelvic-hip complex is made up of the lumbar spine (low-back area), pelvis, abdomen, and hip musculoskeletal structures; it is more commonly referred to as the “core.” The LPHC is an important anatomical structure because it connects the upper and lower halves of a person’s body.

Increasing strength and stability of the LPHC is important for improvements in health, sports performance, and prevention of injuries because an unstable core limits the ability of the limbs to properly produce force and predisposes an individual to back or hip pain

Question 17

Shoulder dysfunction

Answer 17

very common in the greater population, especially in those who frequently lift objects overhead

Question 18

What have been frequently shown by research to improve numerous types of musculoskeletal dysfunction and chronic disease?

Answer 18

Regular exercise and increased physical activity

Question 19

What ensure CPTs are always working within their own scope of practice?

Answer 19

Understanding the scopes of practice for all adjacent allied health professionals, as well as all relevant local laws and regulations

Question 20

What can lead to great levels of success in the fitness industry?

Answer 20

Networking with other allied health professionals and certified fitness professionals

Question 21

Blood Pressure

Answer 21

• Normal (healthy): Less than 120/80 mm Hg
  • Elevated: Systolic between 120 and 129 and diastolic less than
  80 mm Hg
  • Stage 1 hypertension: Systolic between 130 and 139 or diastolic
  between 80 and 89 mm Hg
  • Stage 2 hypertension: Systolic 140 or higher or diastolic 90 mm
  Hg or higher
  • Hypertensive crisis: Systolic greater than 180 and/or diastolic
  greater than 120 mm Hg

Question 22

LDL Cholesterol

Answer 22

LDL cholesterol, sometimes referred to as “bad cholesterol,” tends to increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. LDLs, specifically, are the form of cholesterol that makes up the plaque that clogs arteries. Ideally, LDL levels should be less than 100 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL).

Question 23

HDL Cholesterol

Answer 23

Sometimes referred to as “good cholesterol.” It does not have the tendency to clog arteries like LDL cholesterol does and, in fact, actually helps remove some LDL cholesterol from the body. To help reduce the risk of heart disease, in conjunction with lowering LDL levels below 100 mg/dL, HDL levels should typically be kept around 60 mg/dL.

Question 24

Type 1 Diabetes

Answer 24

With type 1 diabetes, the pancreas does not make enough insulin (or none at all), which is a hormone that helps transport glucose into cells to be used for energy. Without insulin, glucose in the blood (i.e., blood sugar) can rise to dangerous levels, causing numerous health complications. Type 1 diabetes is typically genetic and is not something a person can actively prevent. However, regular exercise can help people with type 1 diabetes considerably improve their blood glucose management and quality of life.

Question 25

Type 2 Diabetes

Answer 25

With type 2 diabetes, the body still produces insulin; however, it is not used properly by the cells. When excess carbohydrates (specifically sugar) are chronically consumed in the diet, high levels of insulin need to be produced to help regulate blood sugar. When excess insulin continually tries to deliver glucose to cells when they already have more than they can use, cells stop responding to it. This state is called insulin resistance. Once cells have become insulin resistant, a person is said to have developed type 2 diabetes. Regulating blood sugar can become very difficult for these individuals, which may lead to uncontrolled blood sugar levels and a wide variety of health complications.

Question 26

first step in succeeding as a CPT

Answer 26

offering uncompromising customer service

Question 27

What is selling personal training services about?

Answer 27

It is about asking a client to make a commitment to an exercise program to improve his or her own health, wellness, and fitness, which makes selling an activity of uncovering client needs and presenting solutions to those problems.

Question 28

What will make sales feel natural and automatic?

Answer 28

rapport is properly built with a prospective client

Question 29

Four Ps of marketing

Answer 29

product, price, promotion, and place

Question 30

SWOT Analysis

Answer 30

Strength, weaknesses, opportunities, threats

A SWOT analysis can be used to identify areas of strength that can be used for building a brand and establishing a USP while also identifying opportunities for professional growth and development

Question 31

Hypertension

Answer 31

Consistently elevated blood pressure

Hypertension is categorized by a blood pressure greater than 120/80 (systolic/diastolic) millimeters of mercury (mm Hg)

For individuals diagnosed with hypertension, the typical approach to treatment is a combination of overall lifestyle modification (e.g., smoking cessation, diet improvement, and increased physical activity) and medication.

Question 32

Systolic blood pressure (SBP)

Answer 32

The pressure in arteries and other blood vessels when the heart is contracting; the first (top) number recorded

Becoming more physically active can lower systolic blood pressure by an average of 4–9 mm Hg

Question 33

Diastolic blood pressure (DBP)

Answer 33

The pressure in arteries and other blood vessels when heart is at rest or between beats; the second (bottom) number recorded.

Question 34

Exercise Versus Physical Activity

Answer 34

Exercise is a structured and planned form of human movement to elicit a physical adaptation, such as weight loss or improved endurance or strength. Examples of exercise include weight lifting, cycling, running, or swimming. Exercise programs can occur in a gym setting or outside and can also be performed alone or in a group setting.

Physical activity refers to movement that expends energy, such as walking, yardwork, recreational sports, or playtime. Physical activity can be categorized as continuous or intermittent and can be performed across a wide range of intensity levels, from walking a dog to vigorously shoveling snow after a storm. Physical activity is not typically structured or planned, rather, it represents natural movement throughout a person’s day.

Question 35

Insulin resistance

Answer 35

The inability of the cells to respond to insulin; occurs in type 2 diabetes

Question 36

Endorphins

Answer 36

A general term used to describe progressive lung diseases, including emphysema, chronic bronchitis, and refractory (nonreversible) asthma.

One way regular exercise helps reduce stress is by the brain releasing endorphins that are associated with pain reduction and feelings of increased well-being and happiness.

Question 37

Plantar fasciitis

Answer 37

An inflammation of the fibrous tissue (plantar fascia) along the bottom of the foot, which often results in intense heel pain.

Question 38

Patellar tendonitis

Answer 38

An injury or inflammation of the tendon that connects the patella (kneecap) to the tibia (shin bone).

Question 39

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear

Answer 39

A stretch, partial tear, or complete tear of the anterior cruciate ligament of the knee.

Question 40

Medial collateral ligament (MCL) tear

Answer 40

A stretch, partial tear, or complete tear of the medial collateral ligament of the knee.

Question 41

Knee dysfunction

Answer 41

Knee pain is a common complaint that can affect anyone regardless of age or level of physical activity

important for fitness professionals to have a basic understanding of proper knee alignment and posture, as well as ways to monitor exercise technique to minimize the risk of injury

Question 42

Shoulder impingement syndrome

Answer 42

Shoulder pain caused by rotator cuff tissues rubbing against the acromion bone of the shoulder.

Question 43

Forward head posture

Answer 43

another common cause of head and neck pain. Jutting the head forward increases the workload for many of the muscles attached to the cervical spine (upper spine area), which has the job of stabilizing the head. Over time, forward head posture can lead to dysfunction of the neck area as the body tries to adapt and find efficient ways to raise the head for straight-ahead vision. Forward head posture can be seen in office workers and other individuals who routinely work in front of a computer and naturally tend to migrate the head toward the screen when trying to focus

Question 44

Which allied health professionals do CPT often work with?

Answer 44

Physical therapist, athletic trainers, chiropractors, registered dietitian nutritionists, and licensed massage therapists