Section 1 – Advanced Training in Rational Driving on Safety Regulations Flashcards
What is the function of the Rev Counter in a vehicle?
Maintains engine within optimal rev range (green zone) for efficiency
Helps to optimize fuel consumption.
What is double de-clutching and why is it unnecessary with synchromesh gearboxes?
Unnecessary with synchromesh gearboxes; wastes fuel and wears out the clutch
Synchromesh gearboxes allow for smoother shifting without double de-clutching.
What is the purpose of cruise control?
Manages fuel efficiently based on driving conditions
Helps maintain a constant speed to optimize fuel consumption.
What is the speed limiter and who is it mandatory for?
Mandatory for goods vehicles over 3,500 kg; improves safety and fuel economy by controlling maximum speed
Helps prevent speeding and reduces the likelihood of accidents.
How does more weight affect braking force needed in vehicles?
More weight = more braking force needed; excessive brake use causes brake fade
Brake fade occurs when brakes overheat and lose effectiveness.
What type of braking systems do large vehicles use?
Large vehicles use air brakes, not hydraulic systems
Air brakes are more effective for heavy loads.
What does ABS stand for and what is its function?
ABS (Anti-lock Braking System): Prevents wheel lock, maintains steering control
Enhances vehicle safety during hard braking.
What are retarders in vehicles?
Supplementary braking systems (engine, exhaust, electromagnetic) to prevent brake fade, improve fuel economy
They help maintain a safe speed, especially on downhill slopes.
What is eco-safe driving?
Reduces fuel costs and environmental impact
Involves techniques such as smooth acceleration and efficient braking.
List key factors that optimize fuel consumption.
- Efficient braking
- Smooth acceleration
- Optimal speed
- Proper tire maintenance
- Reduced idling
Each factor contributes to better fuel economy.
What driving techniques can help minimize fuel consumption?
- Minimize gear changes (use block gear changing)
- Plan ahead to avoid unnecessary stops
- Use momentum wisely (e.g., downhill coasting)
These techniques reduce fuel usage and enhance efficiency.
What is defensive driving focused on?
Focus on observation, anticipation, and maintaining safe distances
Aims to reduce the risk of accidents.
What are the legal responsibilities regarding vehicle loading?
Unsafe loads can result in fines, license endorsements, or disqualification
Proper loading is crucial for safety and legal compliance.
What do vehicle plates display?
Maximum gross and axle weights (manufacturer and ministry plates)
Important for ensuring compliance with weight regulations.
What is the formula to calculate axle load?
(Distance × Load Weight) ÷ Wheelbase
Ensures even weight distribution to prevent overload.
What are the criteria for an abnormal load?
> 44 tonnes, >11.5 tonnes per axle, >3m wide, >18.75m long
Abnormal loads require special handling and notification.
What must be done prior to transporting an abnormal load?
Must notify police, Highways Authority, and bridge owners 2 days prior
Ensures safety and compliance with regulations.
What are the three categories of Special Types General Order (STGO)?
- Category 1: Max 50,000 kg, no escort required
- Category 2: Max 80,000 kg, private escort needed
- Category 3: Max 150,000 kg, police escort required
These categories dictate the requirements for transporting heavy loads.
What should be considered for load stability?
- Distribute load to avoid exceeding axle limits
- Keep center of gravity low for stability
- Use stabilizers (chocks, cradles) when needed
Proper load stability is essential for safe vehicle operation.
What forces affect vehicles?
- Thrust: Pushes vehicle forward
- Drag: Wind resistance slows vehicle
- Weight: Increases friction with road surface
- Centrifugal Force: Pushes vehicle/load outward in turns
- Wind: High winds affect high-sided/curtain-sided vehicles
Understanding these forces is crucial for safe driving.
How can loads be secured?
Secure loads with straps, chains, clamps; inspect equipment regularly
Metal payloads always use chains for security.
What are the types of load restraint devices?
- Ratchet Straps: For palletized goods
- Chains & Tensioners: For heavy equipment, especially anything metal
- Ropes: For tarpaulins, not sole load restraint
Properly securing loads is vital for safety during transport.
What are key safety practices during loading?
- Use PPE (high-vis, hard hats, boots)
- Follow site safety rules
- Ensure proper training for equipment use
- Maintain clear signage during loading
- Regularly inspect loading equipment
Safety practices help prevent accidents and injuries.
