Section 1 Flashcards
What is “Net Area”?
Net area is the total space requirements, or Usable Area. Does not include walls, corridors, stairs, or service spaces
True or False, a building site is always required to be selected prior to developing the Functional Program.
False, Site analysis and comparison may be a part of pre design services.
What is a grossing Factor?
The multiplier for establishing gross area from calculated net area during functional programming. A grossing factor multiplied by the net area will establish an estimated Gross Area.
What is Gross Area?
The total space requirements plus all walls, corridors, stairs, service spaces.
What is an easement?
An easement is a boundary within a property where one party has a limited use of for a specific purpose.
What stage of a Design project is the functional program prepared?
Pre- Design/ Design Brief
What are the 3 Requirements when preparing a functional program?
Impacts of Building Occupant and process on Built Environment, Social Impacts on its community, Planning impacts on its infrastructure.
Which services should NOT be included in the architects scope of work as it is not covered by professional liability insurance?
Land Survey, Geotechnical Analysis, Toxic Substance Report
Define “Feasibility Study”
A report which outlines the research and analysis to determine viability and practicability of a project. Looks at economic, financial, market, regulatory and technical issues.
What is “Gap Analysis”
An analytical tool that identifies the difference between current state and the desired state.
Under what circumstances (legally) are the services of an architect required?
Buildings with an area over 600 sqm, OR Over 3 Storeys, OR Occupancy of Assembly, Care or High Hazard. If any of these conditions are met, an architect is required.
Describe the general objectives/questions of a functional Program
What is the Nature and scope of the problem? What information is required to develop an architectural solution? How much and what type of space is needed? What space will be needed in the future to continue operations? What Kind of Site is needed? What is the scope of the project?
What are ADDITIONAL components of a functional program?
Project scheduling, Preliminary financial information and budgets, Identifying Project delivery method, Site evaluation and determination.
What is the outcome of the functional program? (deliverable)
A report which includes items such as client goals, stakeholder vision, site requirements, summary table of spaces and areas, space highlighting adjacencies and size and primary entry and egress patterns, project phasing, financial requirements, regulatory approvals required, community goals or concerns, environmental concerns or impacts, a recommended project delivery method.
Describe the benefits of analyzing an Architectural Program?
Acts as a project baseline for all future proposals to be compared against.
Describe how a functional program can be used to determine a viable project site?
With the outline of the functional program, a sites physical characteristics can understood as accommodating or not. This may include, Topography, Drainage, Water sources, physical features, vegetation, Geotechnical information, Environmental hazards, neighbouring structures, site servicing, road access, property description (zoning)
How can Functional Programming aid in the analysis of the proposed budget?
With general net area tables gross up factors can be used in order to get a rough order of magnitude of the price, based on occupancy type and floor areas to be constructed.
Describe from the point of view of sustainable design the relevance of the functional program.
Fundamentally sustainable development is a goal throughout all phases of design, including programming. It is important to note at the outset any sustainability goals before proceeding with a design as, site requirements, space requirements, costs, space parameters and operational systems are all influenced by sustainability and have an effect on the Overall Life Cycle costs of a project.
What is a “Legal Description”
Location of boundaries of a specific parcel of land, based on metes-bounds survey or a rectangular system of survey, or made with references to a recorded plat.
Define “Survey Plat”
Legal document describing the location, boundaries and dimension of a tract or parcel of land, including zoning, approvals easements and restrictions.
Define “Metes-Bounds Survey”
Metes are distances between two points measured in straight lines. Metes-Bounds is an old method of surveying land. Metes Bounds Survey is the legal description of a parcel of land measured in distances, angles, and directions
From Environmental Perspective, Define “Radiation”
Transfer of heat from a warm body to a cool one
What is Convection?
Transfer of Heat in fluid or gas.
What is Conduction?
Transfer of heat across a solid substance. U-Value is a measure of conductivity (Heat loss), and resistance to conduction is defined by R-Value.
What contextual forces may a site present that influence the design and construction of buildings?
Microclimate, Environmental forces (Sun, wind, water), Human Comfort, Regulatory Rules (Size and Height restriction), Adjacent Buildings, transportation factors.
List Cultural Factors associated with Site Planning?
Proximity to public, commercial, medical, recreational facilities. Character of the neighbourhood, historical data, former site use, existing structures, Location to services and transportation
List 5 Physical Factors that may impact design?
Climate, Topography, Immediate surroundings, Geotechnical Information, Legal Description, Drainage, Vegetation, Geological Formations
List some regulatory Factors that may impact design?
Zoning, Setbacks, Adjacent Occupancy Types (permitted use), Parking requirements, accessibility requirements, lot coverage, any other local controls or design guidelines.
How may Urban design and Planning process impact design?
Depending on the AHJ, specific sites may be heavily restricted to the scale and type of building that is proposed. There may also may be neighborhood masterplans that provide strict design guides in order to specifically develop a site. Also different planning departments will enact separate codes based on the Model Code (NBC) which may have more strict criteria that a building must abide by.
Identify a strategy for addressing environmental issues when identifying a site?
A project may choose to use a Green Building standard that identifies problem areas and strict criteria in addressing them. Specifically for the site, LEED credits site LOCATION AND SUSTAINABILITY based on, Development Location, Land Protection, Site Priority, Surrounding Density, Access to Transit, Bicycle Facilities, Reduced Parking Footprint, Construction Activity Pollution, Protectiing or Restoring indigenous habitat, Open Space, Rainwater management, Heat island reduction, Light pollution reduction, Site Master Plan, TI Guidelines, Direct Exterior Access, Joint Facility Use.
What are the two issues that sustainable site design is concerned with
Site Location and Site Impacts.
What are the 8 LEED Categories
- Location 2. Sustainable Site 3. Water Efficiency. 4. Energy and atmosphere, 5. Materials and Resources 6. Indoor Environment 7. Innovation 8. Regional Priority
When site grading, what is a sustainable way of managing Cut and Fill.
By equaling the amount of cut and fill
What are the two types of drainage systems?
Surface and sub surface
What is subsurface drainage?
Underground network of pipes and drainage to move water away from foundations in order to was static pressure.
Describe surface drainage?
Grading of the site to divert rain and water to natural drainage patterns or municipal stormwater sewer systems. Grand 1.5% to 10% slope. Paved areas 2% to 3%
How can the orientation of a project within a site effect its energy performance?
Its orientation should take advantage of the advantages of sunlight, there should be a balance between underheated periods when solar radiation is beneficial, and overheated periods when radiation should be avoided. The path the sun takes throughout the seasons should be considered.
In cool regions, what siting factors should be considered?
Minimize building surface area, maximize solar absorption, Reduce Heat loss, Provide Wind protection
In temperate regions, what siting factors should be considered?
Minimize east and west exposures, Balance heat gain and shade protection on seasonal basis, encourage air movement in hot weather. Elongating the building form along east-west axis to maximize south exposure.
What is Passive Solar Heating?
Solar energy to heat the interior spaces without mechanical devices.
What two key elements does passive energy design use?
South Facing Glass for Solar protection, thermal mass for heat collection.
Name three types of passive solar heating
Direct (sun and floor), Indirect (trombone wall), Isolated ( attached space like solarium)
What determines the quantity and quality of daylight within a space?
Size and Orientation of Windows. Avoiding obstructions, reflectance of surfaces.
Of North, East, South, West facing windows, which require shading devices fro maximum efficiency?
East and West as early morning and late afternoon sun is the brightest.
Of North, East, South, West facing windows, which provides the best daylight?
South Facing.
