Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

EXAC > Section 1 > Flashcards

Section 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is “Net Area”?

A

Net area is the total space requirements, or Usable Area. Does not include walls, corridors, stairs, or service spaces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

True or False, a building site is always required to be selected prior to developing the Functional Program.

A

False, Site analysis and comparison may be a part of pre design services.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a grossing Factor?

A

The multiplier for establishing gross area from calculated net area during functional programming. A grossing factor multiplied by the net area will establish an estimated Gross Area.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is Gross Area?

A

The total space requirements plus all walls, corridors, stairs, service spaces.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is an easement?

A

An easement is a boundary within a property where one party has a limited use of for a specific purpose.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What stage of a Design project is the functional program prepared?

A

Pre- Design/ Design Brief

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the 3 Requirements when preparing a functional program?

A

Impacts of Building Occupant and process on Built Environment, Social Impacts on its community, Planning impacts on its infrastructure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which services should NOT be included in the architects scope of work as it is not covered by professional liability insurance?

A

Land Survey, Geotechnical Analysis, Toxic Substance Report

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Define “Feasibility Study”

A

A report which outlines the research and analysis to determine viability and practicability of a project. Looks at economic, financial, market, regulatory and technical issues.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is “Gap Analysis”

A

An analytical tool that identifies the difference between current state and the desired state.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Under what circumstances (legally) are the services of an architect required?

A

Buildings with an area over 600 sqm, OR Over 3 Storeys, OR Occupancy of Assembly, Care or High Hazard. If any of these conditions are met, an architect is required.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe the general objectives/questions of a functional Program

A

What is the Nature and scope of the problem? What information is required to develop an architectural solution? How much and what type of space is needed? What space will be needed in the future to continue operations? What Kind of Site is needed? What is the scope of the project?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are ADDITIONAL components of a functional program?

A

Project scheduling, Preliminary financial information and budgets, Identifying Project delivery method, Site evaluation and determination.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the outcome of the functional program? (deliverable)

A

A report which includes items such as client goals, stakeholder vision, site requirements, summary table of spaces and areas, space highlighting adjacencies and size and primary entry and egress patterns, project phasing, financial requirements, regulatory approvals required, community goals or concerns, environmental concerns or impacts, a recommended project delivery method.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe the benefits of analyzing an Architectural Program?

A

Acts as a project baseline for all future proposals to be compared against.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Describe how a functional program can be used to determine a viable project site?

A

With the outline of the functional program, a sites physical characteristics can understood as accommodating or not. This may include, Topography, Drainage, Water sources, physical features, vegetation, Geotechnical information, Environmental hazards, neighbouring structures, site servicing, road access, property description (zoning)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How can Functional Programming aid in the analysis of the proposed budget?

A

With general net area tables gross up factors can be used in order to get a rough order of magnitude of the price, based on occupancy type and floor areas to be constructed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Describe from the point of view of sustainable design the relevance of the functional program.

A

Fundamentally sustainable development is a goal throughout all phases of design, including programming. It is important to note at the outset any sustainability goals before proceeding with a design as, site requirements, space requirements, costs, space parameters and operational systems are all influenced by sustainability and have an effect on the Overall Life Cycle costs of a project.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is a “Legal Description”

A

Location of boundaries of a specific parcel of land, based on metes-bounds survey or a rectangular system of survey, or made with references to a recorded plat.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Define “Survey Plat”

A

Legal document describing the location, boundaries and dimension of a tract or parcel of land, including zoning, approvals easements and restrictions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Define “Metes-Bounds Survey”

A

Metes are distances between two points measured in straight lines. Metes-Bounds is an old method of surveying land. Metes Bounds Survey is the legal description of a parcel of land measured in distances, angles, and directions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

From Environmental Perspective, Define “Radiation”

A

Transfer of heat from a warm body to a cool one

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is Convection?

A

Transfer of Heat in fluid or gas.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is Conduction?

A

Transfer of heat across a solid substance. U-Value is a measure of conductivity (Heat loss), and resistance to conduction is defined by R-Value.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What contextual forces may a site present that influence the design and construction of buildings?
Microclimate, Environmental forces (Sun, wind, water), Human Comfort, Regulatory Rules (Size and Height restriction), Adjacent Buildings, transportation factors.
26
List Cultural Factors associated with Site Planning?
Proximity to public, commercial, medical, recreational facilities. Character of the neighbourhood, historical data, former site use, existing structures, Location to services and transportation
27
List 5 Physical Factors that may impact design?
Climate, Topography, Immediate surroundings, Geotechnical Information, Legal Description, Drainage, Vegetation, Geological Formations
28
List some regulatory Factors that may impact design?
Zoning, Setbacks, Adjacent Occupancy Types (permitted use), Parking requirements, accessibility requirements, lot coverage, any other local controls or design guidelines.
29
How may Urban design and Planning process impact design?
Depending on the AHJ, specific sites may be heavily restricted to the scale and type of building that is proposed. There may also may be neighborhood masterplans that provide strict design guides in order to specifically develop a site. Also different planning departments will enact separate codes based on the Model Code (NBC) which may have more strict criteria that a building must abide by.
30
Identify a strategy for addressing environmental issues when identifying a site?
A project may choose to use a Green Building standard that identifies problem areas and strict criteria in addressing them. Specifically for the site, LEED credits site LOCATION AND SUSTAINABILITY based on, Development Location, Land Protection, Site Priority, Surrounding Density, Access to Transit, Bicycle Facilities, Reduced Parking Footprint, Construction Activity Pollution, Protectiing or Restoring indigenous habitat, Open Space, Rainwater management, Heat island reduction, Light pollution reduction, Site Master Plan, TI Guidelines, Direct Exterior Access, Joint Facility Use.
31
What are the two issues that sustainable site design is concerned with
Site Location and Site Impacts.
32
What are the 8 LEED Categories
1. Location 2. Sustainable Site 3. Water Efficiency. 4. Energy and atmosphere, 5. Materials and Resources 6. Indoor Environment 7. Innovation 8. Regional Priority
33
When site grading, what is a sustainable way of managing Cut and Fill.
By equaling the amount of cut and fill
34
What are the two types of drainage systems?
Surface and sub surface
35
What is subsurface drainage?
Underground network of pipes and drainage to move water away from foundations in order to was static pressure.
36
Describe surface drainage?
Grading of the site to divert rain and water to natural drainage patterns or municipal stormwater sewer systems. Grand 1.5% to 10% slope. Paved areas 2% to 3%
37
How can the orientation of a project within a site effect its energy performance?
Its orientation should take advantage of the advantages of sunlight, there should be a balance between underheated periods when solar radiation is beneficial, and overheated periods when radiation should be avoided. The path the sun takes throughout the seasons should be considered.
38
In cool regions, what siting factors should be considered?
Minimize building surface area, maximize solar absorption, Reduce Heat loss, Provide Wind protection
39
In temperate regions, what siting factors should be considered?
Minimize east and west exposures, Balance heat gain and shade protection on seasonal basis, encourage air movement in hot weather. Elongating the building form along east-west axis to maximize south exposure.
40
What is Passive Solar Heating?
Solar energy to heat the interior spaces without mechanical devices.
41
What two key elements does passive energy design use?
South Facing Glass for Solar protection, thermal mass for heat collection.
42
Name three types of passive solar heating
Direct (sun and floor), Indirect (trombone wall), Isolated ( attached space like solarium)
43
What determines the quantity and quality of daylight within a space?
Size and Orientation of Windows. Avoiding obstructions, reflectance of surfaces.
44
Of North, East, South, West facing windows, which require shading devices fro maximum efficiency?
East and West as early morning and late afternoon sun is the brightest.
45
Of North, East, South, West facing windows, which provides the best daylight?
South Facing.
46
In which ways should site design be concerned with accessibility?
Access to building, Accessible Parking Spaces, parking Location, Loading Zones, Curb Ramps, Avoiding Surface irregularities, Tactile warning strips near hazardous areas, slope of access
47
Define "Construction Budget"
Maximum amount of money including contingency allowances which the client is prepare to spend on the construction cost.
48
Define "Construction Cost"
TOTAL cost of the work to the client to construct all elements of the project. Consists of Construction Contract Price, Cost of changes to the work during construction, construction services, all applicable taxes except value added taxes. Construction costs exclude the compensation of the architect and consultants, land cost, land development charges and any other professional fees.
49
Define "Construction Cost Estimate"
The anticipated construction cost at the anticipated time of construction, including contingency allowances, the accuracy corresponds with the level of detail contained within the current stage of the project.
50
Define "Construction Contingency"
A reserve included in the construction cost estimate established to provide funds for the implementation of risk management strategies should risk events occur, including such events as the the evolution of design, price escalation, unknown conditions and or function and design changes made during construction.
51
Define "Project Budget"
The clients estimated total expenditure for the entire project. Includes construction, professional fees, land costs, and any other costs to client.
52
What is a Quantity Survey
A bill of quantities of all items of material and equipment necessary to construct a project.
53
True or False. An architect should guarantee a construction cost estimate?
False.
54
Within the Standard RAIC contract, what is the percentage which an architect will be responsible to redesign at no cost to the client should the lowest bid exceed the construction cost estimate?
15% unless contract states otherwise
55
What are the two formats that cost estimates may be presented in?
Uniformat or MasterFormat
56
What are the 8 categories of Uniformat
A.Substructure B. Shell C. Interiors. D services. E. Equipment F. Special Construction G. Site works. Z. Overhead and Profit
57
What are the common 4 categories of factors that may effect a construction estimate or contract price?
Economic and Political, Site Context and Climate, Building Type and Design, Characteristics of the Client/Stakeholders
58
Provide 3 examples of Building Type and Design Characteristics that will effect Price.
Applicable Codes, Height, Form, Method of Constriction, Structural system, Planned life of building, Sustainability Requirements
59
Provide 3 examples of Economic Factors that may effect construction price.
Inflation/Excalation, Market Conditions, Union Labour, Interest Rates, Material Demand
60
What is the primary example of Political/Social factors that may effect price?
Project Approval/Permit approval timing
61
At what stages of the project does cost planning occur?
Pre- design through Schematic
62
At what stages of design does cost control occur?
From the start of Design Development throughout post-construction. Includes, Contract Documents, Bid/Contract Award, Construction, Take-Over, Post-Construction.
63
At what stage of the design should cost estimates be done?
Throughout Schematic, Design Development and Contract Documents, with the Final Estimate Done at the Conclusion of the Contract Document Phase to Compare with Bid Submissions.
64
When Should Cost Checks occur?
Cost checks occur should occur throughout the design Development Stage.
65
What is Value Engineering?
A Procedure to determine the best or optimum value for investments in a construction project.
66
Is Value Engineering the same as Cost-Cutting?
No, Value engineering is about acquiring the best value for dollar, where cost cutting is about spending less.
67
What are the types of Parametric Cost Estimating?
Area, Volume, Unit, Unit Use.
68
What are the Primary Formats Cost Estimates come in?
Uniformat, MasterFormat
69
What is Elemental Costing?
Elemental costing is a cost presentation format. Parametric costing is applied, and the data is aggregated into a format defined by elements.
70
What are the three methods of Cost Estimating?
Analogous, Parametric, Bottom-Up
71
Describe a Scenario where you would use Parametric:Volume Costing?
Basic large buildings like warehouses.
72
Describe a scenario when you would use Unit Use Costing?
Buildings that contain a program with repeating elements. Like Hospitals, theatres, hotels
73
What is Bottom Up Costing?
Performed by the Contractor, Bottom up costing considers all deliverables and sub deliverables by trade, and considers the amount of effort in hours, materials, logistics and overhead. The most extensive costing excercise.
74
What are some advantages of Elemental Costing
The process assumes approximate size, the process can proceed without drawings and specifications, Particularly Useful for architects during design development. Disadvantages, cuts across traditional construction trade areas, therefore can be difficult to compare due to different presentation systems.
75
At what stage of design would a Class D Cost Estimate be required and what is the design contingency?
Pre Design/ Functional Program with 20% - 30% Design Allowance
76
At what stage of design would a Class C Cost Estimate be required and what is the design contingency?
Schematic design, Between 15% and 20% Design Allowance
77
At what stage of design would a Class B Cost Estimate be required and what is the design contingency?
Design Development with Contingency between 10 and 15%
78
At what stage of design would a Class A Cost Estimate be required and what is the design contingency?
Near Completion of Construction Document Phase, Contingency between 5% and 10%
79
What are the advantages and disadvantages of the Classification Costing Method?
Most reliable, Information Stays Current, Project leaders can build history of similar projects and work on cost estimating skills. Disadvantages. Requires Estimator with experience, Requires the ability to force all the typical trades.
80
What are the advantages and disadvantages of Parametric Costing - Unit Use?
Advantage: Quick Reference. Disadvantages. Projects are rarely identical. Circumstances may render historic information of questionable value. May need to be cross checked for accuracy or supplemented with information from another costing method.
81
What are the advantages and disadvantages of Parametric Costing - Volume?
Provides a quick reference, but only for specialized building types. May not work with multi-storey buildings. Works better as a double check for other methods.
82
What are the advantages and disadvantages of Parametric Costing - Area?
Costs for an individual component or element of a building are straightforward. Simplified Historic cost information expressed as sqm or soft. Disadvantages. Does not account for unique conditions or special construction. Is simplistic and can be easily misinterpreted.
83
What techniques can architects use to obtain cost estimates?
Hiring Quantity Surveyors, Consulting with Construction Managers and other development/Construction Experts. Relationships with suppliers, contractors, project managers.
84
What are the advantages of Hiring A quantity surveyor?
Independant professionel. Proven Track Record. Knowledge of comparable projects. Although unit costs may not reflect real time costs.
85
What is the difference be Construction Cost and Project Cost?
Construction costs do not include professional fees (architects compensation), land fees, and land development charges. Project Costs is the sum of all expenses to complete the project.
86
Define Capital Costs
The initial cost of construction the project, including land and any carrying costs.
87
Define Operating costs
All expenditures enlisted in the SERVICING of the building during its life period. Includes lighting, energy, management and insurance.
88
Define Maintenance Costs
Costs associated with repairs and renewals.
89
What are TOTAL Costs?
The sum of the Capital Cost, Operating Cost, and Maintenance Cost
90
Within Construction Document Phase at what percentage of completion should Cost Estimates be obtained?
At 50% Complete and 95% Complete.
91
Define "Additional Services"
Services NOT included when the time the contract is made but to be provided by the architect in Schedule A - Services but which have been added upon written agreement.
92
What are Value Added Taxes?
Any taxes levied by the federal or any provincial government. Includes GST, QST, and the HST or any similar Taxes.
93
Do Construction Costs include taxes?
Construction cost does not include value added taxes, And excludes compensation for professional services.
94
Design Wise, What determines the conclusion of the Schematic Design Phase?
A Design that is the best possible synthesis of all factors being considered.
95
What information is required for schematic design?
Functional Requirements, Flexibility for expansion, Site requirements, A feasible construction Budget, Sustainability Goals, A time frame or schedule.
96
What is the clients responsibility to provide for Schematic Design?
Legal and Physical Surveys, By-Law Considerations, Reports for subsurface conditions, Hazardous materials assessment, Any other relevant professional reports.
97
What engineering services are required at the schematic Design Phase?
Within Schematic Design, It is important to assemble the consultant team, Familiarize the team with the challenges present, Investigate different types of construction materials, systems, and project delivery, obtain detailed site information (service tie ins), Establish Technical Parameters, Provide input on mechanical and electrical space requirements.
98
What documentation is required to obtain Client Approval at the conclusion of Schematic Design?
The document should reflect all design decisions. Particularly relative to set development, Envelope Characteristics, and Mechanical and Electrical Systems. Design Philosophy, Describe how it fits predesign goals, executive summary, description of sustainable targets, Summary of design status, environmental, planning, zoning, Preliminary schedule for construction. Description of structural, mechanical, and electrical systems. Confirmation of Basic Areas. Site Data. Product and Material Descriptions.
99
List some examples of what Design Success should be evaluated upon?
Completeness relative to pre design. Functional relationships between spaces. Merits of any potential alternative structural assembly and mechanical and electrical system.
100
As per RAIC Doc 6, What SD Documents may be provided?
1.Site PLan 2. Floor Plan 3. Schematic Sections and Elevations 4. Massing representation 5. Illustrative Sketches or renderings. 6. Project Schedule. 7. Class C construction Cost estimate.
101
Within SD what is the scope of Building Code Analysis at this stage?
Understanding of Necessary material requirements for construction Materials (Combustible/Non-Combustible). Understanding with applicable health and safety codes. By the completion of SD, architects must fully investigate planning and technical requirements as well as the AHJ regulations. AN OVERVIEW RATHER THAN DETAILED ANALYSIS.
102
What is IDP? And at what stage should be implemented?
Integrative Design Process, and it should be integrated early in the process. IDP allows for higher performing buildings.
103
At what stage of the Design should the Preparation of Outline Specifications be prepared?
Design Development, CHOP
104
At what stage of the Design should coordination with architectural, structural, mechanical and electrical begin?
Design development, once an adequate plan, and sufficient detail has been laid out for them to begin effective work.
105
At what Stage in the Design Process should the architect assess available materials and specify to meet project and budget requirements?
DD. Paramters of materials should be outlined in SD, but specified in DD
106
Define the the Purpose of Design Development (CHOP Summary)
To Understand and Document what a building will be made of.
107
Define the the Purpose of Schematic Design (CHOP Summary)
To understand and document the configuration, form and siting of a building.
108
Define the the Purpose of Pre-Designt (CHOP Summary)
To understand and document the needs and functions of a building, or the suitability of a site.
109
At what stage of the Design Process is coordination with Mechanical and Electrical Design ESSENTIAL?
DD, at this stage all system requirements and space requirements must be resolved.
110
Within DD, what level of resolution should the structural Engineer Provide?
The economical and functional framing system, appropriate bay size. Sizes of Beams and Columns. Depth of Members. Location and Size of Openings. Any special Seismic or Wind-Loading, Identification of any items embedded within the structure. Provisions for special equipment.
111
What Items need to be resolved by the mechanical engineer during DD?
Central vs Individual Heating/Cooling Units, Natural Ventilation, Size of AC system, Size of Heating System, Special HVAC systems, Approximate size of major ducts and pipes. Plumbing fixtures and controls, Location and Shape of Mechanical Rooms, Location, Path and R/O of all vertical shafts and horizontal ducts. Coordination with electrical and sprinkler to identify location clashes. Any relevant noise control, vibration dampers, fire dampers or special items that must be noted.
112
What Items need to be resolved by the Electricall engineer during DD?
Location and size of Cable infrastructure, Light Fixture selection, Distribution of power, requirements of incoming services, anticipated electrical load and future expansion. Coordination with mechanical to provide switches. Telecommunications and data systems, fire alarm systems, intercom security.
113
What Items need to be resolved by the Civil engineer during DD?
Locations of Below Grade services and connections to municipal services, Upgrade requirements of municipal services. Approximate site grading and surface water management, site power distribution, Vehicular and pedestrian traffic patterns around site.
114
According to RAIC Doc 6 what documents are provided during DD to the Client?
1. Site Plan. 2. Floor Plan 3. Elevations 4. Sections 5. Sketches to convey design 6. Exiting Plans 7. Details of Significant Features 7. Preliminary Furniture Layout 8. Presentation Drawings Updated Areas, Design Compliance with Regulatory Requirements, Engineering system descriptions (Structural Mechanical, Electrical) Outline Specifications, Materials, Finishes, and Preliminary Colour Schemes, Project Schedule, Class B Construction Estimate.

EXAC (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions