secretions of the intestine, liver, gall bladder and pancreas

Question 1

What are the primary secretions of the small intestine

Answer 1

Intestinal juice
pancreatic juice
bile

Question 2

What are key endocrine hormones in the small intestine

Answer 2

secretin, CCK, Glucose dependant insulinotrophic peptide (GIP)

Question 3

What cells secrete CCK in the SI and what does it do

Answer 3

I cells, stimulates pancreatic and gallbladder secretion

Question 4

What cells secrete secretin and what does it do

Answer 4

S cells, stimulates pancreatic and biliary bicarbonate secretion.

Question 5

What cells secrete GIP and what does it do

Answer 5

K cells, inhibits acid secretion/ stimulates insulin release

Question 6

Give an example of a dysfunction in the enzyme activation process

Answer 6

Pancreatitis, inflammatory disease where pancreatic enzymes are activated within the pancreas and result in autodigestion.

Question 7

What is the role of bile in digestion

Answer 7

emulsifies fats for digestion by pancreatic lipase

Question 8

What hormones regulate bile secretions and how?

Answer 8

CCK- released in response to fat content of duodenum, controls gall bladder contraction.

secretin- released in response to acidic chyme

Question 9

what is enterohepatic circulation of bile salts

Answer 9

bile salts are continuously recycled via active reabsorption in the ileum, 94% of bile salts return via portal vein to drive bile synthesis.

Question 10

Give an example of Gall bladder disease

Answer 10

Gallstones (cholelithiasis) ranging from asymptomatic to biliary colic (blockage of the cystic duct)

commonly caused by excessive water and bile salt reabsorption, excessive cholesterol in bile and inflammation to the epithelium.

Question 11

State 4 secretory cells in the small intestine

Answer 11

absorptive cell (with microvilli)
Goblet cell (Secretes mucus)
Enteroendocrine cell ( secretes CCK, GIP and secretin)
Paneth cells (secretes lysozymes)

Question 12

What cells in the pancreas secrete pancreatic enzymes and what stimulates them

Answer 12

Pancreatic Acinar cells,
ACH released via vagus

CCK- trigger is chyme containing fat

Question 13

What does CFTR cl- channel dysfunction lead to

Answer 13

leads cystic fibrosis, due to lack of a functional cl- channel, there is defective ductal secretions which leads to blocked ducts