secondary socialisation

Question 1

Sue Lees (1983, 1997)

Answer 1

looked at the pressure put on teenage girls by peers - looking at double standards applied to boys’ and girls’ sexual behaviour e.g the term ‘slag’ used to control girls behaviour

Question 2

Judith Harris (1998)

Answer 2

looked at the comparative influence of parents and peer groups - peer group can be more influential than the family in shaping children’s identity

Question 3

Tony Sewell (2000)

Answer 3

‘cultural comfort zone’: how we like to associate ourselves with those who are similar to us; particularly Afro-Caribbean boys hanging around in gangs of peers rather than in the white middle class world of teachers and school which is an ‘alien’ environment

Question 4

Skelton and Francis (2003)

Answer 4

looked at peer groups in primary schools - in classrooms and the playground. Found that play was very gendered: boys domination the space and girls taking part in deprecate activities such as skipping

Question 5

Mulvey (1975)

Answer 5

used the concept of the ‘male gaze’ to describe how the camera in films ‘eye up’ female characters encouraging viewers to assess their appearance from a male perspective

Question 6

Young (2007)

Answer 6

argues the media has created a ‘bulimic society’ - one with constant hunger and desire to binge on anything where even those with little money are hooked on Gucci, Nike etc

Question 7

Waddington (1999)

Answer 7

used the term ‘canteen culture’ to describe the set of norms and values, used at work, are made to be accepted so that language, behaviour and attitudes become the norm

Question 8

Modood and berthound (1997

Answer 8

surveyed young people and found that pakistanis and bangladeshi’s saw religion as very important compared to 5% of British youths and thus religion may have an influence on their norms and values