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Hematology Lecture > Secondary Hemostasis > Flashcards

Secondary Hemostasis Flashcards

1
Q

True or False:
Extrinsic Tenase Complex can activate Factor IX

A

True

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2
Q

Vitamin K-Dependent Coagulation Factors:

A

*Factor II
*Factor VII
*Factor IX
*Factor X
*Protein C
*Protein S
*Protein Z

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3
Q

The coagulation factors have been described as reacting in a:

A

Cascading sequence

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4
Q

3 pathways of Coagulation cascade

A

Intrinsic, Extrinsic, Common pathways

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5
Q

Most significant substrate:

A

Factor I - Fibrinogen –> Fibrin

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6
Q

A stable protein factor that is neither consumed during clotting nor destroyed by aging at 4deg Celsius for 2 weeks

A

Factor IX - Plasma Thromboplastin Component

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7
Q

HMWK is also known as:

A

High-molecular weight kininogen/Fitzgerald factor

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8
Q

Necessary for the activation of thromboplastin and for the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin

A

Factor IV - Ionized Calcium

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9
Q

No fibrinogen group. Still contains 20% OF Factor II

A

Serum

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10
Q

Hasten the reaction of enzymes

A

Co-factor

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11
Q

Derived from
phospholipoproteins and organelle membranes from disrupted tissue cells

A

Tissue thromboplastin

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12
Q

Bleeding from small blood vessels may be stopped by _____ and the ____________.

A

may be stopped by Vasoconstriction and the formation of a platelet plug.

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13
Q

Factor XI

A

Plasma thromboplastin antecedent

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14
Q

Antihemophilic factor can be falsely decreased in the presence of:

A

Lupus anticoagulant (LA)

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15
Q

These are critical components in the formation of a thrombus

A

Soluble blood coagulation factors

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16
Q

Classification based on Physical Properties:

A

*Contact group
*Vitamin K dependent Prothrombin group
*Fibrinogen group

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17
Q

A proteolytic enzyme, which interacts with fibrinogen

A

Factor IIa - Thrombin

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18
Q

True or False:
All coagulation factors normally are present in the serum

A

False - They are normally present in the plasma

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19
Q

Factor X

A

Stuart Factor/Stuart-Prower factor

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20
Q

True or False:
Without the presence of Factor XII, Factor IX cannot be activated

A

False - Even without the presence of Factor XII, Factor IX can still be activated

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21
Q

Release of tissue factor from damaged vessel

A

Extrinsic Pathway

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22
Q

Leads to secondary hemostasis, the formation of stable fibrin clot

A

Common pathway

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23
Q

Has presence of serine in the active site; synthesized as inactive zymogens

A

Serine protease enzyme

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24
Q

Derived from tissue that surrounds the vessel

A

Factor III (Tissue Thromboplastin)

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25
Q

A beta-globulin and not an essential component of the intrinsic thromboplastin-generating mechanism

A

Factor VII - Proconvertin

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26
Q

True or False
The factor can be assayed in the laboratory

A

True

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27
Q

An acute-phase reactant, consumed during the clotting process and is NOT FOUND in serum.

A

Factor VIII - Antihemophilic Factor

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28
Q

Derived from diet

A

Factor IV (Ionized Calcium)

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29
Q

How many clotting factors?

A

14 clotting factors

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30
Q

A stable protein with a MW of 63,000

A

Factor II - Prothrombin

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31
Q

Precursor of fibrin, which form the resulting clot

A

Factor I - Fibrinogen

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32
Q

Factor I

A

Fibrinogen

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33
Q

True or False:
Deficiencies of Factor XI, IX, VIII, VII, X, V, Prothrombin (II), and Fibrinogen (I) are clinically significant

A

True

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34
Q

Other cells, like _______, also play an important role in the normal process of hemostasis and thrombosis

A

Endothelial cells

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35
Q

Group that is absent or not found in serum

A

Group 1 - Fibrinogen group

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36
Q

Prekallikrein is also known as:

A

Fletcher factor

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37
Q

Classification based on Function:

A

*Substrate
*Co-factor
*Enzyme

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38
Q

A potent platelet-aggregating substance, consumed during the process of converting fibrinogen to fibrin.

A

Factor IIa - Thrombin

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39
Q

Necessary for the activation of factor
IX by factor XIa

A

Calcium

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40
Q

Factor II

A

Prothrombin

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41
Q

The activated form of prothrombin with a MW of 40,000

A

Factor IIa - Thrombin

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42
Q

Activated once they come in contact with a negative charge

A

Contact group

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43
Q

Alpha-globulin, is a relatively stable factor that is not consumed during clotting

A

Factor X - Stuart factor

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44
Q

Reduced by Vitamin K antagonists

A

Factor VII - Proconvertin

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45
Q

This factor, in the presence of ionized calcium, produces a stabilized fibrin clot.

A

Factor XIII - Fibrin-Stabilizing Factor

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46
Q

Designed to stabilize the plug

A

Secondary Hemostasis

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47
Q

Vitamin K Antagonists:

A

*Coumadin
*Warfarin

48
Q

They act as an enzyme and circulates in the body (plasma) inactively EXCEPT for Factor III (only inside tissue) & IV (inside the platelet)

A

Clotting factors

49
Q

Catalyzes the transfer of amino group to Factor XIII

A

Transglutaminase

50
Q

What is the source of negative charge in IN VITRO?

A

Glass surface

51
Q

Results in the formation of a stable fibrin clot

A

Secondary Hemostasis

52
Q

An essential component of the intrinsic thromboplastin generating system, where it influences the amount rather than the rate of thromboplastin formation

A

Factor IX - Plasma Thromboplastin Component

53
Q

These monomers ______ together to form the final polymerized fibrin clot

54
Q

A stable factor that is not consumed during the coagulation process

A

Factor XII - Hageman factor

55
Q

Co-factors:

A

*Factor III - Tissue Factor
*Factor V - Proaccelerin
*Factor VIII - Antihemophilic Factor
*HMWK
*Thrombomodulin
*Protein S
*Protein Z

56
Q

True or False:
The Physical and chemical characteristics of the factor are known

57
Q

Inhibitors and procoagulants are from:

58
Q

Physiologically active form of calcium in the human body, and small amounts are needed for blood coagulation

A

Ionized Calcium

59
Q

True or False:
The synthesis of the factor is dependent of other proteins

A

False - it is INDEPENDENT of other proteins

60
Q

Can be falsely decreased in the presence of lupus anticoagulant

A

Factor VIII - Antihemophilic factor

61
Q

VWF

A

von Willebrand Factor

62
Q

When fibrinogen is exposed to thrombin, how many peptides split from the fibrinogen molecule, leaving a fibrin monomer?

A

Two peptides

63
Q

Factor V

A

Proaccelerin/Labile Factor

64
Q

involves the contact activation factors prekallikrein,
HMWK, factor XII, and factor XI

A

Intrinsic coagulation pathway

65
Q

Factor IIa

66
Q

Clotting factors under Vitamin K Prothrombin group:

A

Factor II, VII, IX, X

67
Q

Factor XII

A

Hageman factor

68
Q

Activated by release of TF III

A

Extrinsic Pathway

69
Q

Together with factor V, this factor, in the presence if calcium ions forms the final common pathway.

A

Factor X - Stuart Factor

70
Q

Deteriorates rapidly, having a half-life of 16 hours and is consumed in the clotting process.

A

Factor V - Proaccelerin

71
Q

These are labile

A

Factor V and VIII

72
Q

Activation of extrinsic and intrinsic pathway

A

Common Pathway

73
Q

Factor VII

A

Proconvertin/Stable factor

74
Q

What are the 3 groups of Coagulation Factors?

A

*Group I=Fibrinogen group - (I, V, VIII, XIII)
*Group II=Prothrombin group - (II, VII, IX, X)
*Group III=Contact group - (XI, XII, Fletcher factor/Prekallikrein, Fitzgerald factor/HMWK)

75
Q

Extremely labile, with a 50% loss within 12 hours at 4deg Celsius in vitro and a similar 50% loss in vivo within 8-12 hours after transfusion

A

Factor VIII - Antihemophilic factor

76
Q

A large, stable globulin protein with a MW of 341,000

A

Factor I - Fibrinogen

77
Q

Regulatory proteins that are vitamin K dependent:

A

Proteins C, S, Z

78
Q

A deficiency of the factor generally produces a bleeding tendency disorder with the EXCEPTION of what factors?

A

*Factor X11
*Prekallikrein (Fletcher factor)
*High-molecular weight kininogen (HMWK/Fitzgerald factor)

79
Q

Initiated by the entry of tissue thromboplastin into
the circulating blood

A

Extrinsic Coagulation Pathway

80
Q

The activity of Factor X appears to be related to what factor?

A

Factor VII - Proconvertin

81
Q

Clotting factors under the Contact group:

A

Factor XII, XI, HMWK, Prekallikrein

82
Q

In the presence of this factor, prothrombin is converted to thrombin by the enzymatic action of thromboplastin from both extrinsic and intrinsic sources.

A

Factor IV - Ionized calcium

83
Q

Plasma Procoagulant Serine Cofactors:

A

*Tissue Factor
*Factor V
*Factor VIII
*HMWK

84
Q

Principal site of the synthesis of coagulation factors:

A

Hepatic cells

85
Q

Half-life of almost 3 days with 70% consumption during clotting

A

Factor II - Prothrombin

86
Q

These factors are consumed whenever formed a clot. They are part of the clot together with 80% of Factor II

A

Factor I, V, VIII, XIII

87
Q

Therapeutic inhibitor of vitamin K

88
Q

Coagulation Factors under Prothrombin group:

A

Factors II, VII, IX, X

89
Q

Platelet factor III

A

Phospholipids, phosphatidyl-serine, PF3

90
Q

Tissue thromboplastin is derived from:

A

Phospholipoproteins and organelle membranes from disrupted tissue cells

91
Q

Acts as a substrate to another clotting factor to facilitate clotting

92
Q

Factor IX

A

Plasma thromboplastin component/Christmas factor

93
Q

Plasma Procoagulant Serine Proteases:

A

*Factor II
*Factor VII
*Factor IX
*Factor X
*Factor XI
*Factor XII
*Prekallikrein

94
Q

Essential to the later stages of thromboplastin formation

A

Factor V - Proaccelerin

95
Q

An extremely labile globulin protein

A

Factor V - Proaccelerin

96
Q

True or False:
Extrinsic and Intrinsic pathway are both happening simultaneously

97
Q

Factor VIII

A

Antihemophilic Factor

98
Q

Interaction of the plasma clotting factors to form a stabilize/stable fibrin clot/fibrin mesh

A

Secondary Hemostasis

99
Q

Formation of fibrin through the coagulation cascade

A

Secondary Hemostasis

100
Q

Activated by exposure of collagen

A

Intrinsic Pathway

101
Q

Pertains to any non-plasma substance containing lipoprotein complex from tissues (Brain, Lung, Vascular Endothelium, Liver, Placenta or Kidneys).

A

Factor III - Tissue Thromboplastin

102
Q

In IN VIVO, what is the source of negative charge that would activate the clotting factor?

103
Q

Not destroyed nor consumed in clotting process and is found in both plasma and serum, even in serum left at room temperature for up to 3 days

A

Factor VII - Proconvertin

104
Q

Factor XIII

A

Fibrin-stabilizing factor

105
Q

A beta-globulin, can be found in serum because it is only partially consumed during the clotting process

A

Factor XI - Plasma Thromboplastin Antecedent

106
Q

A deficiency of the factor generally produces a bleeding tendency disorder with the EXCEPTION of these factors:

A

*Factor XII
*Prekallikrein (Fletcher factor)
*HMWK (Fitzgerald factor)

107
Q

Most complex labile, exists in different forms

A

Factor VIII

108
Q

Essential to the intrinsic thromboplastin-generating mechanism

A

Factor XI - Plasma Thromboplastin Antecedent

109
Q

True or False:
Deficiency of Factor XII, and the presence of the Lupus anticoagulant are clinically significant for bleeding

A

False - Deficiency of Factor XII, and the presence of the Lupus anticoagulant are NOT clinically significant for bleeding

110
Q

Coagulation Factors under Contact group:

A

Factors XI, XII, Prekallikrein/Fletcher factor, High-molecular weight kininogen/HMWK/Fitzgerald factor

111
Q

Activated by contact of certain coagulation protein with the subendothelial CT

A

Intrinsic Pathway

112
Q

These tissue types are capable of converting Prothrombin to Thrombin

A

Brain, Lung, Vascular Endothelium, Liver, Placenta or Kidney

113
Q

Factor III

A

Tissue thromboplastin/Tissue factor

114
Q

Coagulation Factors under Fibrinogen group:

A

Factors I, V, VII, XIII

115
Q

These factors require vitamin K for carboxylation of glutamic acid of clotting factors

A

Factor II, VII, IX, X

116
Q

All clotting factors are produced in the liver EXCEPT:

A

Factor III & IV

117
Q

Factor IV

A

Ionic calcium

Hematology Lecture (3 decks)

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